644 Umar ibn al-Khattab, second Muslim caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina
1534 English parliament passes Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII and subsequent monarchs become Head of Church of England
1620 Great Patent granted to Plymouth Colony
1640 English Long Parliament forms
1906 International Radiotelegraph Conference in Berlin selects "SOS" (· · · – – – · · ·) distress signal as the worldwide standard for help
1957 Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2 with dog Laika aboard, a mostly-Siberian husky, the 1st animal in space
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