EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 22/2

[edit]

• 705 – Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.
• 1316 – Battle of Picotin between Ferdinand of Majorca and the forces of Matilda of Hainaut
• 1371 – Robert II becomes King of Scotland, beginning the Stuart dynasty.
• 1495 – King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne.
• 1632 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.
• 1651 – St. Peter's Flood: A storm surge floods the Frisian coast, drowning 15,000 people.
• 1744 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Battle of Toulon causes several Royal Navy captains to be court-martialed, and the Articles of War to be amended.
• 1797 – The last Invasion of Britain begins near Fishguard, Wales.
• 1819 – By the Adams–Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U.S. dollars.
• 1821 – Greek War of Independence: Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the Prut river at Sculeni into the Danubian Principalities.
• 1847 – Mexican–American War: The Battle of Buena Vista: Five thousand American troops defeat 15,000 Mexicans troops.
• 1848 – The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.
• 1853 – Washington University in St. Louis is founded as Eliot Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri.
• 1855 – The Pennsylvania State University is founded in State College, Pennsylvania (as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania).
• 1856 – The United States Republican Party opens its first national convention in Pittsburgh.
• 1862 – Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated for a six-year term as the President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia. He was previously inaugurated as a provisional president on February 18, 1861.
• 1872 – The Prohibition Party holds its first national convention in Columbus, Ohio, nominating James Black as its presidential nominee.
• 1879 – In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opens the first of many of five-and-dime Woolworth stores.
• 1899 – Filipino forces led by General Antonio Luna launch counterattacks for the first time against the American forces during the Philippine–American War. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.
• 1904 – The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina, the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.
• 1909 – The sixteen battleships of the Great White Fleet, led by USS Connecticut, return to the United States after a voyage around the world.
• 1915 – World War I: The Imperial German Navy institutes unrestricted submarine warfare.
• 1921 – After Russian forces under Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg drive the Chinese out, the Bogd Khan is reinstalled as the emperor of Mongolia.
• 1924 – U.S. President Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President to deliver a radio address from the White House.
• 1942 – World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as the Japanese victory becomes inevitable.
• 1943 – World War II: Members of the White Rose resistance, Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and Christoph Probst are executed in Nazi Germany.
• 1944 – World War II: American aircraft mistakenly bomb the Dutch towns of Nijmegen, Arnhem, Enschede and Deventer, resulting in 800 dead in Nijmegen alone.
• 1944 – World War II: The Soviet Red Army recaptures Krivoi Rog.
• 1948 – Communist coup in Czechoslovakia.
• 1957 – Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam survives a communist shooting assassination attempt in Buôn Ma Thuột.
• 1958 – Egypt and Syria join to form the United Arab Republic.
• 1959 – Lee Petty wins the first Daytona 500.
• 1972 – The Official Irish Republican Army detonates a car bomb at Aldershot barracks, killing seven and injuring nineteen others.
• 1973 – Cold War: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China, the two countries agree to establish liaison offices.
• 1974 – The Organisation of the Islamic Conference summit begins in Lahore, Pakistan. Thirty-seven countries attend and twenty-two heads of state and government participate. It also recognizes Bangladesh.
• 1980 – Miracle on Ice: In Lake Placid, New York, the United States hockey team defeats the Soviet Union hockey team 4–3.
• 1983 – The notorious Broadway flop Moose Murders opens and closes on the same night at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre.
• 1986 – Start of the People Power Revolution in the Philippines.
• 1994 – Aldrich Ames and his wife are charged by the United States Department of Justice with spying for the Soviet Union.
• 1995 – The Corona reconnaissance satellite program, in existence from 1959 to 1972, is declassified.
• 1997 – In Roslin, Midlothian, Scottish scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly has been successfully cloned.
• 2002 – Angolan political and rebel leader Jonas Savimbi is killed in a military ambush.
• 2005 – The 6.4 M_w Zarand earthquake shakes the Kerman Province of Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 612 people dead and 1,411 injured.
• 2006 – At least six men stage Britain's biggest robbery, stealing £53m (about $92.5 million or €78 million) from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent.
• 2011 – New Zealand's second deadliest earthquake strikes Christchurch, killing 185 people.
• 2011 – Bahraini uprising: Tens of thousands of people march in protest against the deaths of seven victims killed by police and army forces during previous protests.
• 2012 – A train crash in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 51 people and injures 700 others.
• 2014 – President Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine is impeached by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by a vote of 328–0, fulfilling a major goal of the Euromaidan rebellion.
• 2015 – A ferry carrying 100 passengers capsizes in the Padma River, killing 70 people.

Births[edit]

• 1028 – Al-Juwayni , Muslim Scholar and Imam (died 1085)
• 1040 – Rashi, French rabbi and author (d. 1105)
• 1403 – Charles VII of France (d. 1461)
• 1440 – Ladislaus the Posthumous, Hungarian king (d. 1457)
• 1500 – Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian cardinal (d. 1564)
• 1514 – Tahmasp I, Iranian ruler (d. 1576)
• 1732 – George Washington, American general and politician, 1st President of the United States (d. 1799)
• 1749 – Johann Nikolaus Forkel, German musicologist and theorist (d. 1818)
• 1778 – Rembrandt Peale, American painter and curator (d. 1860)
• 1788 – Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher and author (d. 1860)
• 1796 – Alexis Bachelot, French priest and missionary (d. 1837)
• 1796 – Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian mathematician, astronomer, and sociologist (d. 1874)
• 1806 – Józef Kremer, Polish historian and philosopher (d. 1875)
• 1810 – Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1849)
• 1817 – Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician and academic (d. 1880)
• 1819 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and critic (d. 1891)
• 1824 – Pierre Janssen, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1907)
• 1825 – Jean-Baptiste Salpointe, French-American archbishop (d. 1898)
• 1836 – Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Indian scholar and academic (d. 1906)
• 1840 – August Bebel, German theorist and politician (d. 1913)
• 1849 – Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1915)
• 1857 – Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, English general, co-founded The Scout Association (d. 1941)
• 1857 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1894)
• 1863 – Charles McLean Andrews, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1943)
• 1864 – Jules Renard, French author and playwright (d. 1910)
• 1876 – Zitkala-Sa, American author and activist (d. 1938)
• 1874 – Bill Klem, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1951)
• 1879 – Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, Danish chemist and academic (d. 1947)
• 1881 – Joseph B. Ely, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1956)
• 1881 – Albin Prepeluh, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1937)
• 1882 – Eric Gill, English sculptor and illustrator (d. 1940)
• 1883 – Marguerite Clark, American actress (d. 1940)
• 1886 – Hugo Ball, German author and poet (d. 1927)
• 1887 – Savielly Tartakower, Polish journalist, author, and chess player (d. 1956)
• 1888 – Owen Brewster, American captain and politician, 54th Governor of Maine (d. 1961)
• 1889 – Olave Baden-Powell, English scout leader, founded the Girl Guides (d. 1977)
• 1889 – R. G. Collingwood, English historian and philosopher (d. 1943)
• 1891 – Vlas Chubar, Russian economist and politician (d. 1939)
• 1892 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet and playwright (d. 1950)
• 1895 – Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Peruvian politician (d. 1979)
• 1897 – Karol Świerczewski, Polish general (d. 1947)
• 1899 – George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1966)
• 1900 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish-Mexican director and producer (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Morley Callaghan, Canadian author and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1903 – Frank P. Ramsey, English economist, mathematician, and philosopher (d. 1930)
• 1907 – Sheldon Leonard, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1997)
• 1907 – Robert Young, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan politician, 56th President of Venezuela (d. 1981)
• 1908 – John Mills, English soldier and actor (d. 2005)
• 1914 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian-American virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
• 1915 – Gus Lesnevich, American boxer (d. 1964)
• 1917 – Reed Crandall, American illustrator (d. 1982)
• 1918 – Sid Abel, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2000)
• 1918 – Don Pardo, American radio and television announcer (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Central African general and politician, 2nd President of the Central African Republic (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
• 1922 – Marshall Teague, American race car driver (d. 1959)
• 1922 – Joe Wilder, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Bleddyn Williams, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Edward Gorey, American illustrator and poet (d. 2000)
• 1925 – Gerald Stern, American poet and academic
• 1926 – Kenneth Williams, English actor and screenwriter (d. 1988)
• 1927 – Florencio Campomanes, Filipino political scientist and chess player (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Guy Mitchell, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1928 – Clarence 13X, American religious leader, founded the Nation of Gods and Earths (d. 1969)
• 1928 – Texas Johnny Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Paul Dooley, American actor
• 1928 – Bruce Forsyth, English singer and television host
• 1929 – James Hong, American actor and director
• 1930 – Marni Nixon, American soprano and actress (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Ted Kennedy, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 2009)
• 1933 – Katharine, Duchess of Kent
• 1933 – Sheila Hancock, English actress and author
• 1933 – Ernie K-Doe, American R&B singer (d. 2001)
• 1933 – Bobby Smith, English footballer (d. 2010)
• 1934 – Sparky Anderson, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
• 1936 – J. Michael Bishop, American microbiologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Joanna Russ, American author and activist (d. 2011)
• 1938 – Steve Barber, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Ishmael Reed, American poet, novelist, essayist
• 1940 – Judy Cornwell, English actress
• 1940 – Chet Walker, American basketball player
• 1941 – Hipólito Mejía, Dominican politician, 52nd President of the Dominican Republic
• 1942 – Christine Keeler, English model and dancer
• 1943 – Terry Eagleton, English philosopher and critic
• 1943 – Horst Köhler, Polish-German economist and politician, 9th President of Germany
• 1943 – Otoya Yamaguchi, Japanese assassin of Inejiro Asanuma (d. 1960)
• 1944 – Jonathan Demme, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1944 – Mick Green, English rock & roll guitarist (d. 2010)
• 1944 – Robert Kardashian, American lawyer and businessman (d. 2003)
• 1944 – Christopher Meyer, English diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States
• 1944 – Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player and painter
• 1945 – Oliver, American pop singer (d. 2000)
• 1946 – Kresten Bjerre, Danish footballer and manager (d. 2014)
• 1947 – Pirjo Honkasalo, Finnish director, cinematographer, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Harvey Mason, American drummer
• 1947 – John Radford, English footballer and manager
• 1947 – Frank Van Dun, Belgian philosopher and theorist
• 1949 – Niki Lauda, Austrian race car driver
• 1949 – Olga Morozova, Russian tennis player and coach
• 1950 – Julius Erving, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1950 – Lenny Kuhr, Dutch singer-songwriter
• 1950 – Genesis P-Orridge, English singer-songwriter
• 1950 – Julie Walters, English actress and author
• 1951 – Ellen Greene, American singer and actress
• 1952 – Albert Bryant, Jr., American general
• 1952 – Cyrinda Foxe, American model and actress (d. 2002)
• 1952 – Bill Frist, American physician and politician
• 1952 – Bernard Silverman, English minister, statistician, and academic
• 1953 – Graham Lewis, English bass player
• 1953 – Nigel Planer, English actor and screenwriter
• 1955 – David Axelrod, American journalist and political adviser
• 1955 – Tim Young, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Hugh Hewitt, American lawyer, academic, and radio host
• 1957 – Willie Smits, Dutch microbiologist and engineer
• 1958 – Dave Spitz, American bass player and songwriter
• 1959 – Jiří Čunek, Czech politician
• 1959 – Kyle MacLachlan, American actor
• 1960 – Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde, Scottish politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
• 1961 – Akira Takasaki, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer
• 1962 – Steve Irwin, Australian zoologist and television host (d. 2006)
• 1963 – Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1963 – Devon Malcolm, Jamaican-English cricketer
• 1963 – Vijay Singh, Fijian-American golfer
• 1964 – Ed Boon, American video game designer, co-created Mortal Kombat
• 1965 – Chris Dudley, American basketball player and politician
• 1965 – Kieren Fallon, Irish jockey
• 1965 – Pat LaFontaine, American ice hockey player
• 1966 – Rachel Dratch, American actress and comedian
• 1966 – Jason Feddy, English singer-songwriter
• 1966 – Thorsten Kaye, German-English actor
• 1967 – Psicosis II, Mexican wrestler
• 1968 – Shawn Graham, Canadian politician, 31st Premier of New Brunswick
• 1968 – Bradley Nowell, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1996)
• 1968 – Jeri Ryan, American model and actress
• 1968 – Jayson Williams, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1969 – Thomas Jane, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1969 – Clinton Kelly, American fashion consultant and television host
• 1969 – Brian Laudrup, Danish footballer and sportscaster
• 1971 – Super Caló, Mexican wrestler
• 1971 – Lea Salonga, Filipino actress and singer
• 1972 – Michael Chang, American tennis player and coach
• 1972 – Claudia Pechstein, German speed skater
• 1973 – Philippe Gaumont, French cyclist (d. 2013)
• 1973 – Juninho Paulista, Brazilian footballer
• 1973 – Scott Phillips, American drummer and producer
• 1974 – James Blunt, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Chris Moyles, English radio and television host
• 1975 – Drew Barrymore, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1977 – Timo Rose, German actor, director, and producer
• 1977 – Hakan Yakin, Swiss footballer
• 1978 – Jenny Frost, English singer and dancer
• 1978 – Gus Sorola, American actor and podcast host
• 1979 – Brett Emerton, Australian footballer
• 1979 – Lee Na-young, South Korean actress
• 1980 – Shamari Fears, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1980 – Kang Sung-hoon, South Korean singer
• 1981 – Jeanette Biedermann, German singer-songwriter and actress
• 1983 – Shaun Tait, Australian cricketer
• 1984 – Tommy Bowe, Irish rugby player
• 1984 – Branislav Ivanović, Serbian footballer
• 1985 – Hameur Bouazza, Algerian footballer
• 1985 – Georgios Printezis, Greek basketball player
• 1986 – Rajon Rondo, American basketball player
• 1987 – Han Hyo-joo, South Korean actress and model
• 1987 – Sergio Romero, Argentinian footballer
• 1988 – Jonathan Borlée, Belgian sprinter
• 1988 – Efraín Juárez, Mexican footballer
• 1988 – Sebastian Tyrała, Polish-German footballer
• 1989 – Anna Sundstrand, Swedish singer, dancer, and actress
• 1989 – Franco Vázquez, Argentinian footballer
• 1990 – Luca Profeta, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Alexander Merkel, Kazakhstani-German footballer

Deaths[edit]

• 556 – Maximianus of Ravenna, Italian bishop and saint (b. 499)
• 606 – Pope Sabinian
• 793 – Sicga, Anglo-Saxon nobleman
• 845 – Wang, empress and concubine of Mu Zong
• 965 – Otto, Duke of Burgundy (b. 944)
• 1071 – Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (b. 1055)
• 1072 – Peter Damian, Italian saint
• 1079 – John of Fécamp, Italian-born Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer
• 1111 – Roger Borsa, King of Sicily (b. 1078)
• 1297 – Saint Margaret of Cortona (b. 1247)
• 1371 – David II of Scotland (b. 1324)
• 1511 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall (b. 1511)
• 1512 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian cartographer and explorer (b. 1454)
• 1500 – Gerhard VI, Count of Oldenburg, German noble (b. 1430)
• 1627 – Olivier van Noort, Dutch explorer (b. 1558)
• 1674 – Jean Chapelain, French poet and critic (b. 1595)
• 1680 – La Voisin, French occultist (b. 1640)
• 1690 – Charles Le Brun, French painter and theorist (b. 1619)
• 1731 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1638)
• 1732 – Francis Atterbury, English bishop (b. 1663)
• 1799 – Heshen, Chinese politician (b. 1750)
• 1816 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish historian and philosopher (b. 1723)
• 1875 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter and illustrator (b. 1796)
• 1875 – Charles Lyell, Scottish-English geologist and lawyer (b. 1797)
• 1888 – Anna Kingsford, English physician and activist (b. 1846)
• 1890 – John Jacob Astor III, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1822)
• 1890 – Carl Bloch, Danish painter and academic (b. 1834)
• 1897 – Charles Blondin, French tightrope walker and acrobat (b. 1824)
• 1898 – Heungseon Daewongun, Korean king (b. 1820)
• 1903 – Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
• 1904 – Leslie Stephen, English historian, author, and critic (b. 1832)
• 1913 – Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist and author (b. 1857)
• 1913 – Francisco I. Madero, Mexican president and author (b. 1873)
• 1923 – Théophile Delcassé, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1852)
• 1939 – Antonio Machado, Spanish-French poet and author (b. 1875)
• 1942 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1881)
• 1943 – Christoph Probst, German activist (b. 1919)
• 1943 – Hans Scholl, German activist (b. 1918)
• 1943 – Sophie Scholl, German activist (b. 1921)
• 1944 – Kasturba Gandhi, Indian activist (b. 1869)
• 1945 – Osip Brik Russian avant garde writer and literary critic (b. 1888)
• 1958 – Abul Kalam Azad, Indian scholar and politician, Indian Minister of Education (b. 1888)
• 1960 – Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and critic (b. 1905)
• 1961 – Nick LaRocca, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1889)
• 1965 – Felix Frankfurter, Austrian-American lawyer and jurist (b. 1882)
• 1971 – Frédéric Mariotti, French actor (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Jean-Jacques Bertrand, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Premier of Quebec (b. 1916)
• 1973 – Elizabeth Bowen, Anglo-Irish author (b. 1899)
• 1973 – Katina Paxinou, Greek actress (b. 1900)
• 1973 – Winthrop Rockefeller, American colonel and politician, 37th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1912)
• 1976 – Angela Baddeley, English actress (b. 1904)
• 1976 – Florence Ballard, American singer (b. 1943)
• 1978 – Phyllis McGinley, American author and poet (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Dennie Moore, American actress (b. 1902)
• 1980 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter, poet and playwright (b. 1886)
• 1982 – Josh Malihabadi, Indian-Pakistani poet and author (b. 1898)
• 1983 – Adrian Boult, English conductor (b. 1889)
• 1983 – Romain Maes, Belgian cyclist (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Salvador Espriu, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Alexander Scourby, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Efrem Zimbalist, Russian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1889)
• 1987 – David Susskind, American talk show host and producer (b. 1920)
• 1987 – Andy Warhol, American painter and photographer (b. 1928)
• 1992 – Markos Vafiadis, Greek general and politician (b. 1906)
• 1994 – Papa John Creach, American violinist (b. 1917)
• 1995 – Ed Flanders, American actor (b. 1934)
• 1997 – Joseph Aiuppa, American gangster (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Abraham A. Ribicoff, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (b. 1910)
• 1999 – William Bronk, American poet and academic (b. 1918)
• 1999 – Menno Oosting, Dutch tennis player (b. 1964)
• 2002 – Chuck Jones, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)
• 2002 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan general, founded UNITA (b. 1934)
• 2005 – Lee Eun-ju, South Korean actress and singer (b. 1980)
• 2005 – Simone Simon, French actress (b. 1910)
• 2007 – George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, English admiral and politician, Leader of the House of Lords (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Dennis Johnson, American basketball player and coach (b. 1954)
• 2012 – Sukhbir, Indian author and poet (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Marie Colvin, American journalist (b. 1956)
• 2012 – Rémi Ochlik, French photographer and journalist (b. 1983)
• 2013 – Atje Keulen-Deelstra, Dutch speed skater (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Jean-Louis Michon, French-Swiss scholar and translator (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German pianist and conductor (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Charlotte Dawson, New Zealand–Australian television host (b. 1966)
• 2014 – Leo Vroman, Dutch-American hematologist, poet, and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 2015 – Chris Rainbow, Scottish singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1946)
• 2016 – Yolande Fox, American model and singer, Miss America 1951 (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Sonny James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)