642 Arab forces under Amr ibn al-'As conquer Alexandria
1683 Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is the first to report the existence of bacteria
1862 Battle of Antietam [Battle of Sharpsburg], bloodiest day in the American Civil War: 22,000 dead, wounded or missing in first battle on Union soil
1900 Commonwealth of Australia proclaimed
1916 The Red Baron [Manfred von Richthofen], WWI flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France
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