EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 13/7

[edit]

• 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
• 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• 1490 – John of Kastav finishes a cycle of frescoes in the Holy Trinity Church in Hrastovlje (now southwestern Slovenia).
• 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
• 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
• 1794 – The Battle of the Vosges is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
• 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
• 1830 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
• 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
• 1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York, New York, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1905 – The verdict in the six-month-long Smarthavicharam trial of Kuriyedath Thathri is pronounced, leading to the excommunication of 65 men of various castes.
• 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1923 – The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
• 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
• 1973 – Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethiopian-Somali War.
• 1977 – New York, New York, amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
• 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London, England, United Kingdom and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as well as other venues such as Sydney, Australia and Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.
• 1985 – Vice President George Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
• 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
• 2008 – Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban & al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army & Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
• 2013 – George Zimmerman is found not guilty in the shooting of Trayvon Martin.

Births[edit]

• 1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
• 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
• 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
• 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
• 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
• 1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish admiral (d. 1818)
• 1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
• 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician (d. 1837)
• 1776 – Caroline of Baden (d. 1841)
• 1793 – John Clare, English poet (d. 1864)
• 1798 – Alexandra Feodorovna, German-Russian wife of Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1860)
• 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general (d. 1877)
• 1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
• 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
• 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
• 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
• 1876 – William Michaels, American boxer (d. 1934)
• 1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler (d. 1951)
• 1889 – Hjalmar Andersson, Swedish runner (d. 1971)
• 1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian politician (d. 1965)
• 1889 – Louise Mountbatten, German-Swedish wife of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1965)
• 1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
• 1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 1955)
• 1892 – Kesarbai Kerkar, Indian singer (d. 1977)
• 1894 – Isaak Babel, Russian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1940)
• 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor and singer (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
• 1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
• 1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-American actor (d. 1980)
• 1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
• 1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
• 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
• 1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
• 1910 – Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
• 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
• 1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (d. 1982)
• 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
• 1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
• 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• 1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
• 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
• 1920 – William C. Friday, American academic (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Git Gay, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer (d. 1999)
• 1921 – Friedrich Peter, Austrian politician (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress and singer (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Louis R. Harlan, American historian and academic (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark
• 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
• 1924 – Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Michel Constantin, French actor (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
• 1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, 12th President of the European Parliament
• 1928 – Tommaso Buscetta, Italian-American mobster (d. 2000)
• 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish tennis player (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Viktor Tsybulenko, Ukrainian javelin thrower (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach
• 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
• 1933 – David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter
• 1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
• 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
• 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
• 1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
• 1937 – Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
• 1937 – Jack Purvis, English actor (d. 1997)
• 1939 – Prakash Mehra, Indian director and producer (d. 2009)
• 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
• 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer
• 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
• 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
• 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Byrds and Chad Mitchell Trio)
• 1944 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik's Cube
• 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
• 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor, singer, and screenwriter
• 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
• 1948 – Daphne Maxwell Reid, American actress
• 1949 – Helena Fibingerová, Czech shot putter
• 1950 – Rod Dixon, New Zealand runner
• 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
• 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
• 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
• 1953 – Gil Birmingham, American actor
• 1953 – Larry Gomes, Tobagan cricketer
• 1954 – Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer-songwriter and producer
• 1954 – Rick Chartraw, Venezuelan-American ice hockey player
• 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer
• 1954 – David Thompson, American basketball player
• 1955 – Mark Mendoza, American bass player (Twisted Sister and The Dictators)
• 1956 – Claude Giroux, Canadian wrestler
• 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
• 1956 – Frank Dux, American martial artist and choreographer
• 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver
• 1957 – Lília Cabral, Brazilian actress
• 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
• 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
• 1961 – Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
• 1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English politician
• 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
• 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
• 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor, singer, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Spud Webb, American basketball player
• 1965 – Lesli Kay, American actress
• 1966 – Gerald Levert, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (LeVert and LSG) (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor
• 1967 – Benny Benassi, Italian DJ and producer (Benassi Bros.)
• 1967 – Akira Hokuto, Japanese wrestler
• 1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician
• 1968 – Robert Gant, American actor
• 1968 – Omi Minami, Japanese voice actress
• 1969 – Oles Buzina, Ukrainian journalist and author (d. 2015)
• 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, producer, and physician
• 1969 – Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-Greek weightlifter
• 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan politician
• 1970 – Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter
• 1971 – Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
• 1971 – Jason Reece, American singer and drummer (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead)
• 1972 – Rodrigo Gularte, Brazilian drug trafficker (d. 2015)
• 1972 – Sven Lõhmus, Estonian composer and producer
• 1972 – Sean Waltman, American wrestler
• 1973 – Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi, Saudi Arabian terrorist
• 1973 – Ariel Zárate, Argentinian footballer
• 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
• 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
• 1976 – Al Santos, American model, actor, and producer
• 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Ashley Scott, American actress
• 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
• 1978 – Kate More, Dutch pornographic film actress
• 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
• 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
• 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
• 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
• 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater
• 1979 – Fernando Salazar, Mexican footballer
• 1980 – Karolina Gruszka, Polish actress
• 1980 – Master Saleem, Indian singer
• 1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
• 1981 – Fran Kranz, American actor
• 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
• 1981 – Ineta Radēviča, Latvian long jumper
• 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
• 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
• 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Carmen Villalobos, Colombian actress and dancer
• 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
• 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984 – Urvashi Sharma, Indian actress and model
• 1985 – Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
• 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
• 1986 – Pierrick Lilliu, French singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Yakup Kılıç, Turkish boxer in the featherweight (57 kg) discipline
• 1987 – Oğuz Savaş, Turkish professional basketball player
• 1988 – Tulisa Contostavlos, English singer-songwriter and actress (N-Dubz)
• 1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
• 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor and model
• 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor
• 1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
• 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1989 – Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer and actress (Morning Musume, Ecomoni, v-u-den)
• 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
• 1991 – Ungsumalynn Sirapatsakmetha, Thai actress and model
• 1992 – Mio Ootani, Japanese gravure idol
• 1993 – Rena Nōnen, Japanese actress
• 1994 – Ridge Canipe, American actor
• 1994 – Hayley Erin, American actress
• 1996 – Jena Irene, American singer-songwriter
• 1997 – Leo Howard, American actor and martial artist

Deaths[edit]

• 574 – Pope John III
• 716 – Emperor Ruizong of Tang (b. 662)
• 939 – Pope Leo VII
• 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
• 1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop (b. 1160)
• 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
• 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
• 1402 – Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
• 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
• 1621 – Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
• 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
• 1628 – Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
• 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
• 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
• 1693 – Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms (b. 1636)
• 1755 – Edward Braddock, English general (b. 1695)
• 1760 – Conrad Weiser, German-American diplomat (b. 1696)
• 1761 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
• 1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
• 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
• 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
• 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
• 1882 – Johnny Ringo, American criminal (b. 1850)
• 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
• 1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
• 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
• 1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
• 1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter (b. 1866)
• 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1927 – Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect (b. 1870)
• 1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American educator and astronomer (b. 1849)
• 1936 – Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese politician and writer (b. 1887)
• 1937 – Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze, French polo player and politician (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
• 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
• 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
• 1949 – Walt Kuhn, American painter (b. 1877)
• 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
• 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
• 1955 – Ruth Ellis, British convicted murderer (b. 1926)
• 1957 – Kurt Vespermann, German actor (b. 1887)
• 1960 – Joy Davidman, American-born UK-based poet and author (b. 1915)
• 1965 – Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Tommy Lucchese, Italian-American mobster (b. 1899)
• 1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
• 1970 – Leslie Groves, American general (b. 1896)
• 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
• 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1974 – Marthe Vinot, French actress (b. 1894)
• 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
• 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
• 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
• 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author and engineer (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
• 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
• 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
• 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
• 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
• 2000 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-Canadian photographer (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
• 2004 – Carlos Kleiber, German-Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
• 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor and singer (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Dash Snow, American photographer and painter (b. 1981)
• 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
• 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Shlomo Bentin, Romanian-Israeli psychologist and academic (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Polde Bibič, Slovenian actor and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
• 2012 – Sage Stallone, American actor, director and producer (b. 1976)
• 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Bana, Cape Verdean singer (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and musician (b. 1982)
• 2014 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African author and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Jan Nolten, Dutch cyclist (b. 1930)