EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 6/3
- 12 BC – The Roman Emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the Emperor.
- 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
- 845 – Execution of the 42 Martyrs of Amorium at Samarra
- 961 – Byzantine conquest of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas, end of the Emirate of Crete
- 1204 – The Siege of Château Gaillard ends in a French victory over King John of England, who loses control of Normandy to King Philip II Augustus.
- 1454 – Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledge allegiance to King Casimir IV of Poland who agrees to commit his forces in aiding the Confederation's struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.
- 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Guam.
- 1665 – The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
- 1788 – The First Fleet arrives at Norfolk Island in order to found a convict settlement.
- 1820 – The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, brings Maine into the Union as a free state, and makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
- 1834 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
- 1836 – Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo – After a thirteen-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 187 Texas volunteers, including frontiersman Davy Crockett and colonel Jim Bowie, defending the Alamo are killed and the fort is captured.
- 1857 – The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
- 1869 – Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
- 1882 – The Serbian kingdom is re-founded.
- 1899 – Bayer registers "Aspirin" as a trademark.
- 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. is founded.
- 1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces become the first to use airships in war, as two dirigibles drop bombs on Turkish troops encamped at Janzur, from an altitude of 6,000 feet.
- 1921 – Portuguese Communist Party is founded as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International.
- 1930 – International Unemployment Day demonstrations globally initiated by the Comintern
- 1943 – Norman Rockwell published Freedom from Want in The Saturday Evening Post with a matching essay by Carlos Bulosan as part of the Four Freedoms series.
- 1945 – World War II: Cologne is captured by American troops.
- 1945 – World War II: Operation Spring Awakening, the last major German offensive of the war, begins.
- 1946 – Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
- 1951 – The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
- 1953 – Georgy Malenkov succeeds Joseph Stalin as Premier of the Soviet Union and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- 1957 – Ghana becomes the first Sub-Saharan country to gain independence from the British.
- 1964 – Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad officially gives boxing champion Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali.
- 1964 – Constantine II becomes King of Greece.
- 1965 – Premier Tom Playford of South Australia loses power after 27 years in office.
- 1967 – Joseph Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
- 1968 – Three rebels are executed by Rhodesia, the first executions since UDI, prompting international condemnation.
- 1970 – An explosion at the Weather Underground safe house in Greenwich Village kills three.
- 1975 – For the first time the Zapruder film of the assassination of John F. Kennedy is shown in motion to a national TV audience by Robert J. Groden and Dick Gregory.
- 1975 – Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement of their border dispute.
- 1981 – After 19 years of presenting the CBS Evening News, Walter Cronkite signs off for the last time.
- 1983 – The first United States Football League games is played.
- 1984 – In the United Kingdom, a walkout at Cortonwood Colliery in Brampton Bierlow signals the start of a strike that lasted almost a year and involved the majority [but never all] of the country's miners.
- 1987 – The British ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds, killing 193.
- 1988 – Three Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteers are shot dead by the SAS in Gibraltar in Operation Flavius.
- 1992 – The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
- 2008 – A suicide bomber kills 68 people (including first responders) in Baghdad on the same day that a gunman kills eight students in Jerusalem.
- 1340 – John of Gaunt (d. 1399)
- 1405 – John II of Castile (d. 1454)
- 1459 – Jakob Fugger, German merchant and banker (d. 1525)
- 1475 – Michelangelo, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1564)
- 1483 – Francesco Guicciardini, Italian historian and politician (d. 1540)
- 1495 – Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet and diplomat (d. 1556)
- 1619 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French author and playwright (d. 1655)
- 1663 – Francis Atterbury, English bishop and poet (d. 1732)
- 1706 – George Pocock, English admiral (d. 1792)
- 1716 – Pehr Kalm, Swedish-Finnish botanist and explorer (d. 1779)
- 1724 – Henry Laurens, English-American merchant and politician, 5th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1792)
- 1761 – Antoine-François Andréossy, French general and diplomat (d. 1828)
- 1779 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, Swiss-French general (d. 1869)
- 1785 – Karol Kurpiński, Polish composer and conductor (d. 1857)
- 1787 – Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1826)
- 1806 – Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English-Italian poet and translator (d. 1861)
- 1812 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American businessman, co-founded the Waltham Watch Company (d. 1895)
- 1817 – Princess Clémentine of Orléans (d. 1907)
- 1818 – William Claflin, American businessman and politician, 27th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1905)
- 1823 – Charles I of Württemberg (d. 1891)
- 1831 – Philip Sheridan, Irish-American general (d. 1888)
- 1834 – George du Maurier, French-English author and illustrator (d. 1896)
- 1841 – Viktor Burenin, Russian author, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1926)
- 1849 – Georg Luger, Austrian gun designer, designed the Luger pistol (d. 1923)
- 1864 – Richard Rushall, British businessman (d. 1953)
- 1870 – Oscar Straus, Viennese composer and conductor (d. 1954)
- 1871 – Afonso Costa, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 59th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1937)
- 1872 – Ben Harney, American pianist and composer (d. 1938)
- 1882 – F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect, co-designed Villa Vizcaya (d. 1980)
- 1882 – Guy Kibbee, American actor and singer (d. 1956)
- 1884 – Molla Mallory, Norwegian-American tennis player (d. 1959)
- 1885 – Ring Lardner, American journalist and author (d. 1933)
- 1886 – Jam Handy, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1983)
- 1893 – Furry Lewis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1981)
- 1895 – Albert Tessier, Canadian priest and historian (d. 1976)
- 1898 – Gus Sonnenberg, American football player and wrestler (d. 1944)
- 1900 – Gina Cigna, French-Italian soprano and actress (d. 2001)
- 1900 – Lefty Grove, American baseball player (d. 1975)
- 1900 – Henri Jeanson, French journalist and author (d. 1970)
- 1903 – Empress Kōjun of Japan (d. 2000)
- 1904 – José Antonio Aguirre, Spanish lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Basque Country (d. 1960)
- 1905 – Bob Wills, American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1975)
- 1906 – Lou Costello, American comedian (d. 1959)
- 1909 – Obafemi Awolowo, Nigerian lawyer and politician (d. 1987)
- 1909 – Stanisław Jerzy Lec, Polish poet and author (d. 1966)
- 1910 – Ella Logan, Scottish-American singer and actress (d. 1969)
- 1915 – Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian spiritual leader, 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq (d. 2014)
- 1917 – Donald Davidson, American philosopher and academic (d. 2003)
- 1917 – Will Eisner, American illustrator and publisher (d. 2005)
- 1917 – Frankie Howerd, English comedian (d. 1992)
- 1920 – Lewis Gilbert, English director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1921 – Leo Bretholz, Austrian-American holocaust survivor and author (d. 2014)
- 1923 – Ed McMahon, American comedian, game show host, and announcer (d. 2009)
- 1923 – Wes Montgomery, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1968)
- 1924 – Ottmar Walter, German footballer (d. 2013)
- 1924 – William H. Webster, American lawyer and jurist, 14th Director of Central Intelligence
- 1926 – Alan Greenspan, American economist and politician
- 1926 – Ray O'Connor, Australian politician, 22nd Premier of Western Australia (d. 2013)
- 1926 – Andrzej Wajda, Polish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
- 1927 – William J. Bell, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2005)
- 1927 – Gordon Cooper, American engineer, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2004)
- 1927 – Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
- 1929 – Tom Foley, American lawyer and politician, 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 2013)
- 1930 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2014)
- 1932 – Marc Bazin, Haitian lawyer and politician, 49th President of Haiti (d. 2010)
- 1932 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2008)
- 1933 – Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (d. 2004)
- 1933 – William Davis, German-English journalist and economist
- 1934 – Red Simpson, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
- 1935 – Ron Delany, Irish runner and coach
- 1936 – Bob Akin, American race car driver and journalist (d. 2002)
- 1936 – Marion Barry, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Mayor of the District of Columbia (d. 2014)
- 1936 – Sylvia Robinson, American singer and producer (d. 2011)
- 1936 – Choummaly Sayasone, Laotian politician, 5th President of Laos
- 1937 – Ivan Boesky, American businessman
- 1937 – Valentina Tereshkova, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut
- 1938 – Keishu Tanaka, Japanese politician, 17th Japanese Minister of Justice
- 1939 – Kit Bond, American lawyer and politician, 47th Governor of Missouri
- 1939 – Adam Osborne, Thai-Indian engineer and businessman, founded the Osborne Computer Corporation (d. 2003)
- 1939 – Cookie Rojas, Cuban-American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1940 – Ken Danby, Canadian painter (d. 2007)
- 1940 – Joanna Miles, French-born American actress
- 1940 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player and coach (d. 2001)
- 1940 – Jeff Wooller, English accountant and banker
- 1941 – Peter Brötzmann, German saxophonist and clarinet player
- 1941 – Marilyn Strathern, Welsh anthropologist and academic
- 1944 – Richard Corliss, American journalist and critic (d. 2015)
- 1944 – Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano and actress
- 1944 – Mary Wilson, American singer
- 1945 – Angelo Castro, Jr., Filipino actor and journalist (d. 2012)
- 1945 – Hugh Grundy, English rock drummer (The Zombies)
- 1946 – David Gilmour, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1946 – Richard Noble, Scottish race car driver and businessman
- 1947 – Kiki Dee, English singer-songwriter
- 1947 – Rob Reiner, American actor, director, and producer
- 1947 – Jean Seaton, English historian and academic
- 1947 – John Stossel, American journalist and author
- 1948 – Anna Maria Horsford, American actress
- 1948 – Stephen Schwartz, American composer and producer
- 1949 – Shaukat Aziz, Pakistani economist and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Pakistan
- 1949 – Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer and manager
- 1950 – Arthur Roche, English archbishop
- 1951 – Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (d. 2004)
- 1953 – Madhav Kumar Nepal, Nepali banker and politician, 34th Prime Minister of Nepal
- 1953 – Carolyn Porco, American astronomer and academic
- 1954 – Jeff Greenwald, American author, photographer, and monologist
- 1954 – Harald Schumacher, German footballer and manager
- 1955 – Dave Alvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Blasters)
- 1955 – Wendy Boglioli, American swimmer
- 1955 – Cyprien Ntaryamira, Burundian politician, 5th President of Burundi (d. 1994)
- 1955 – Alberta Watson, Canadian actress (d. 2015)
- 1960 – Sleepy Floyd, American basketball player and coach
- 1963 – D. L. Hughley, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1965 – Jim Knight, English politician
- 1966 – Alan Davies, English comedian, actor and screenwriter
- 1967 – Julio Bocca, Argentinian ballet dancer and director
- 1967 – Connie Britton, American actress
- 1967 – Shuler Hensley, American actor and singer
- 1968 – Moira Kelly, American actress and director
- 1971 – Darrick Martin, American basketball player and coach
- 1972 – Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player, actor, and rapper
- 1972 – Jaret Reddick, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1973 – Michael Finley, American basketball player
- 1973 – Peter Lindgren, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
- 1973 – Greg Ostertag, American basketball player
- 1973 – Trent Willmon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1974 – Guy Garvey, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1974 – Beanie Sigel, American rapper
- 1975 – Aracely Arámbula, Mexican actress and singer
- 1975 – Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Canadian pianist and conductor
- 1976 – Ken Anderson, American wrestler and actor
- 1977 – Giorgos Karagounis, Greek footballer
- 1977 – Bubba Sparxxx, American rapper
- 1977 – Marcus Thames, American baseball player and coach
- 1978 – Sage Rosenfels, American football player
- 1978 – Chad Wicks, American wrestler
- 1979 – Clint Barmes, American baseball player
- 1979 – Érik Bédard, Canadian baseball player
- 1979 – David Flair, American wrestler
- 1979 – Tim Howard, American soccer player
- 1980 – Emílson Cribari, Brazilian footballer
- 1981 – Ellen Muth, American actress
- 1983 – Andranik Teymourian, Iranian footballer
- 1984 – Daniël de Ridder, Dutch footballer
- 1984 – Eskil Pedersen, Norwegian politician
- 1984 – Chris Tomson, American drummer
- 1985 – Bakaye Traoré, French-Malian footballer
- 1986 – Jake Arrieta, American baseball player
- 1986 – Francisco Cervelli, Venezuelan-Italian baseball player
- 1986 – Ross Detwiler, American baseball player
- 1986 – Eli Marienthal, American actor
- 1986 – Charlie Mulgrew, Scottish footballer
- 1987 – Kevin-Prince Boateng, Ghanaian-German footballer
- 1987 – José Manuel Flores, Spanish footballer
- 1988 – Agnes Carlsson, Swedish singer
- 1988 – Simon Mignolet, Belgian footballer
- 1989 – Agnieszka Radwańska, Polish tennis player
- 1990 – Linn Haug, Norwegian snowboarder
- 1991 – Lex Luger, American keyboard player and producer
- 1991 – Emma McDougall, English footballer (d. 2013)
- 1993 – Andrés Rentería, Colombian footballer
- 1994 – Nathan Redmond, English footballer
- 1994 – Marcus Smart, American basketball player
- 1995 – Georgi Kitanov, Bulgarian footballer
- 190 – Prince of Hongnong (poisoned by Dong Zhuo) (b. 176)
- 653 – Li Ke, prince of the Tang Dynasty
- 766 – Chrodegang, Frankish bishop and saint
- 1070 – Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola
- 1251 – Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
- 1490 – Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (b. 1458)
- 1491 – Richard Woodville, 3rd Earl Rivers
- 1531 – Pedro Arias Dávila, Spanish explorer and diplomat (b. 1440)
- 1616 – Francis Beaumont, English playwright (b. 1584)
- 1754 – Henry Pelham, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1694)
- 1758 – Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Durham (b. 1705)
- 1764 – Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1690)
- 1796 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French historian and author (b. 1713)
- 1836 – Deaths at the Battle of the Alamo:
- 1854 – Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, Irish colonel and diplomat, Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies (b. 1778)
- 1866 – William Whewell, English priest, historian, and philosopher (b. 1794)
- 1867 – Charles Farrar Browne, American-English author and educator (b. 1834)
- 1888 – Louisa May Alcott, American novelist and poet (b. 1832)
- 1895 – Camilla Collett, Norwegian novelist and activist (b. 1813)
- 1899 – Kaʻiulani of Hawaii (b. 1875)
- 1900 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and businessman, co-founded Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (b. 1834)
- 1905 – John Henninger Reagan, American surveyor, judge, and politician, 3rd Confederate States of America Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1818)
- 1905 – Makar Yekmalyan, Armenian composer (b. 1856)
- 1919 – Oskars Kalpaks, Latvian colonel (b. 1882)
- 1920 – Ömer Seyfettin, Turkish author and educator (b. 1884)
- 1932 – John Philip Sousa, American conductor and composer (b. 1854)
- 1933 – Anton Cermak, Czech-American lawyer and politician, 44th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1873)
- 1935 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., American colonel, lawyer, and jurist (b. 1841)
- 1939 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician and academic (b. 1852)
- 1941 – Francis Aveling, Canadian priest, psychologist, and author (b. 1875)
- 1941 – Gutzon Borglum, American sculptor and academic, designed Mount Rushmore (b. 1867)
- 1948 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American author, poet, and academic (b. 1914)
- 1950 – Albert François Lebrun, French engineer and politician, 15th President of France (b. 1871)
- 1951 – Ivor Novello, Welsh singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1893)
- 1951 – Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian playwright and politician, Prime Minister of Ukraine (b. 1880)
- 1952 – Jürgen Stroop, German general (b. 1895)
- 1955 – Mammad Amin Rasulzade, Azerbaijani scholar and politician (b. 1884)
- 1961 – George Formby, English singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1904)
- 1964 – Paul of Greece (b. 1901)
- 1965 – Margaret Dumont, American actress (b. 1889)
- 1967 – John Haden Badley, English author and educator, founded the Bedales School (b. 1865)
- 1967 – Nelson Eddy, American actor and singer (b. 1901)
- 1967 – Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer, linguist, and philosopher (b. 1882)
- 1970 – William Hopper, American actor (b. 1915)
- 1973 – Pearl S. Buck, American novelist, essayist, short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1974 – Ernest Becker, American anthropologist and author (b. 1924)
- 1976 – Mary Petty, American illustrator (b. 1899)
- 1976 – Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (b. 1903)
- 1977 – Alvin R. Dyer, American religious leader (b. 1903)
- 1978 – Dennis Viollet, English-American soccer player and manager (b. 1933)
- 1981 – George Geary, English cricketer and coach (b. 1893)
- 1982 – Ayn Rand, Russian-American philosopher, author, and playwright (b. 1905)
- 1984 – Billy Collins, Jr., American boxer (b. 1961)
- 1984 – Martin Niemöller, German pastor and theologian (b. 1892)
- 1984 – Homer N. Wallin, American admiral (b. 1893)
- 1984 – Henry Wilcoxon, Dominican-American actor and producer (b. 1905)
- 1986 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (b. 1887)
- 1988 – Mairéad Farrell, Provisional IRA volunteer (b. 1957)
- 1988 – Daniel McCann, Provisional IRA volunteer (b. 1957)
- 1988 – Seán Savage, Provisional IRA volunteer (b. 1965)
- 1994 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politician, 9th Greek Minister of Culture (b. 1920)
- 1997 – Cheddi Jagan, Guyanese politician, 4th President of Guyana (b. 1918)
- 1997 – Michael Manley, Jamaican soldier, pilot, and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)
- 1997 – Ursula Torday, English author (b. 1912)
- 1999 – Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Bahrain king (b. 1933)
- 2000 – John Colicos, Canadian actor (b. 1928)
- 2002 – Bryan Fogarty, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1969)
- 2004 – Hercules, American wrestler (b. 1957)
- 2004 – Frances Dee, American actress (b. 1909)
- 2005 – Hans Bethe, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
- 2005 – Danny Gardella, American baseball player and trainer (b. 1920)
- 2005 – Tommy Vance, English radio host (b. 1943)
- 2005 – Teresa Wright, American actress (b. 1918)
- 2006 – Anne Braden, American journalist and activist (b. 1924)
- 2006 – Kirby Puckett, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1960)
- 2007 – Jean Baudrillard, French photographer and theorist (b. 1929)
- 2007 – Ernest Gallo, American businessman, co-founded E & J Gallo Winery (b. 1909)
- 2008 – Peter Poreku Dery, Ghanaian cardinal (b. 1918)
- 2009 – Francis Magalona, Filipino rapper, producer, and actor (b. 1964)
- 2010 – Endurance Idahor, Nigerian footballer (b. 1984)
- 2010 – Mark Linkous, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1962)
- 2010 – Betty Millard, American philanthropist and activist (b. 1911)
- 2012 – Francisco Xavier do Amaral, East Timorese politician, 1st President of East Timor (b. 1937)
- 2012 – Louis J. Michot, American businessman, philanthropist, and politician (b. 1922)
- 2012 – Donald M. Payne, American businessman and politician (b. 1934)
- 2012 – Helen Walulik, American baseball player (b. 1929)
- 2013 – Chorão, Brazilian singer-songwriter (Charlie Brown Jr.) (b. 1970)
- 2013 – Stompin' Tom Connors, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936)
- 2013 – Alvin Lee, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944)
- 2013 – W. Wallace Cleland, American biochemist and academic (b. 1930)
- 2014 – Alemayehu Atomsa, Ethiopian educator and politician (b. 1969)
- 2014 – Frank Jobe, American soldier and surgeon (b. 1925)
- 2014 – Sheila MacRae, English-American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1921)
- 2014 – Martin Nesbitt, American lawyer and politician (b. 1946)
- 2014 – Manlio Sgalambro, Italian philosopher, author, and poet (b. 1924)
- 2015 – Fred Craddock, American minister and academic (b. 1928)
- 2015 – Ram Sundar Das, Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Chief Minister of Bihar (b. 1921)
- 2015 – Enrique "Coco" Vicéns, Puerto Rican-American basketball player and politician (b. 1926)
- 2016 – Nancy Reagan, American actress, 42nd First Lady of the United States (b. 1921)
- 2016 – Sheila Varian, American horse trainer and breeder (b. 1937)
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