ΕVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 7/12

[edit]

• 43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated.
• 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II retires due to recurring seizures of insanity. He abdicates the throne in favor of his general Tiberius, proclaiming him Caesar.
• 1703 – The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, makes landfall. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people die.
• 1724 – Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities.
• 1732 – The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England.
• 1776 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, arranges to enter the American military as a major general.
• 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas.
• 1869 – American outlaw Jesse James commits his first confirmed bank robbery in Gallatin, Missouri.
• 1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.
• 1930 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for I.J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show.
• 1936 – Australian cricketer Jack Fingleton becomes the first player to score centuries in four consecutive Test innings.
• 1941 – World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor – The Imperial Japanese Navy carries out a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet and its defending Army and Marine air forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. (For Japan's near-simultaneous attacks on Eastern Hemisphere targets, see December 8.)
• 1946 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, kills 119 people, the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history.
• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Government of the Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan.
• 1962 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the principality's constitution, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils.
• 1963 – Instant replay makes its debut during the Army-Navy football game in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
• 1965 – Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications that had been in place since 1054.
• 1971 – Pakistan President Yahya Khan announces the formation of a coalition government with Nurul Amin as Prime Minister and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Deputy Prime Minister.
• 1972 – Imelda Marcos survives an assassination attempt using a bolo knife against her.
• 1972 – Apollo 17, the last Apollo moon mission, is launched. The crew takes the photograph known as The Blue Marble as they leave the Earth.
• 1982 – In Texas, Charles Brooks, Jr., becomes the first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States.
• 1983 – An Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 collides with an Aviaco DC-9 in dense fog while the two airliners are taxiing down the runway at Madrid–Barajas Airport, killing 93 people.
• 1987 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 crashes near Paso Robles, California, killing all 43 on board, after a disgruntled passenger shoots his ex-boss traveling on the flight, then shoots both pilots and himself.
• 1988 – Spitak earthquake: In Armenia an earthquake measuring 6.8 (surface wave magnitude) kills more than 25,000, injures 30,000 and leaves 500,000 homeless out of a population of 3,500,000.
• 1993 – 1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting: Passenger Colin Ferguson murders six people and injures 19 others on the LIRR in Nassau County, New York.
• 1995 – The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter, a little more than six years after it was launched by Space Shuttle Atlantis during Mission STS-34.
• 1999 – A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.: The Recording Industry Association of America sues the peer-to-peer file-sharing service Napster, alleging copyright infringement.
• 2003 – The Conservative Party of Canada is officially registered, following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.
• 2005 – Rigoberto Alpizar, a passenger on American Airlines Flight 924 who allegedly claimed to have a bomb, is shot and killed by a team of U.S. federal air marshals at Miami International Airport.
• 2015 – The JAXA probe Akatsuki successfully enters orbit around Venus five years after the first attempt.

Births[edit]

• 521 – Columba, Irish missionary, monk, and saint (d. 597)
• 903 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer and author (d. 986)
• 1302 – Azzone Visconti, Italian ruler, founded Milan (d. 1339)
• 1545 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, English-Scottish husband of Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1567)
• 1561 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyo (d. 1625)
• 1598 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor and painter (d. 1680)
• 1643 – Giovanni Battista Falda, Italian architect and engraver (d. 1678)
• 1637 – Bernardo Pasquini, Italian organist and composer (d. 1710)
• 1764 – Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1841)
• 1784 – Allan Cunningham, Scottish author and poet (d. 1842)
• 1791 – Ferenc Novák, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1836)
• 1792 – Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Dutch author and academic (d. 1857)
• 1801 – Johann Nestroy, Austrian actor and playwright (d. 1862)
• 1810 – Josef Hyrtl, Hungarian-Austrian anatomist and biologist (d. 1894)
• 1810 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist and biologist (d. 1882)
• 1823 – Leopold Kronecker, Polish-German mathematician and academic (d. 1891)
• 1838 – Thomas Bent, Australian businessman and politician, 22nd Premier of Victoria (d. 1909)
• 1847 – Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (d. 1939)
• 1860 – Joseph Cook, English-born Australian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
• 1862 – Paul Adam, French author (d. 1920)
• 1863 – Felix Calonder, Swiss soldier and politician, 36th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1952)
• 1863 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1945)
• 1863 – Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co-founded Sears (d. 1914)
• 1873 – Willa Cather, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1947)
• 1879 – Rudolf Friml, Czech-American pianist, composer, and academic (d. 1972)
• 1884 – John Carpenter, American sprinter (d. 1933)
• 1885 – Mason Phelps, American golfer (d. 1945)
• 1885 – Peter Sturholdt, American boxer and painter (d. 1919)
• 1887 – Ernst Toch, Austrian-American composer and songwriter (d. 1964)
• 1888 – Joyce Cary, Irish novelist (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Hamilton Fish III, American captain and politician (d. 1991)
• 1892 – Stuart Davis, American painter and academic (d. 1964)
• 1893 – Fay Bainter, American actress (d. 1968)
• 1894 – Freddie Adkins, English author and illustrator (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Hilda Taba, Estonian architect, author, and educator (d. 1967)
• 1903 – Danilo Blanuša, Croatian mathematician, physicist, and academic (d. 1987)
• 1904 – Clarence Nash, American voice actor and singer (d. 1985)
• 1905 – Gerard Kuiper, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1973)
• 1907 – Fred Rose, Polish-Canadian politician and spy (d. 1983)
• 1909 – Nikola Vaptsarov, Bulgarian poet and author (d. 1942)
• 1910 – Duncan McNaughton, Canadian high jumper and geologist (d. 1998)
• 1910 – Louis Prima, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and actor (d. 1978)
• 1910 – Edmundo Ros, Trinidadian-English singer-songwriter and bandleader (d. 2011)
• 1912 – Daniel Jones, Welsh captain and composer (d. 1993)
• 1913 – Kersti Merilaas, Estonian author and poet (d. 1986)
• 1915 – Leigh Brackett, American author and screenwriter (d. 1978)
• 1915 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Tatamkhulu Afrika, South African poet and author (d. 2002)
• 1920 – Fiorenzo Magni, Italian cyclist (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Walter Nowotny, Austrian-German soldier and pilot (d. 1944)
• 1921 – Pramukh Swami Maharaj, Indian guru and scholar
• 1923 – Intizar Hussain, Indian-Pakistani author and scholar
• 1923 – Ted Knight, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1924 – John Love, Zimbabwean race car driver (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Mário Soares, Portuguese historian, lawyer, and politician, 17th President of Portugal
• 1924 – Bent Fabric, Danish pianist and composer
• 1925 – Hermano da Silva Ramos, French-Brazilian race car driver
• 1926 – Leon Kossoff, English painter and illustrator
• 1926 – William John McNaughton, American bishop
• 1927 – Jack S. Blanton, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Helen Watts, Welsh opera singer (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Noam Chomsky, American linguist and philosopher
• 1928 – Mickey Thompson, American racing driver (d. 1988)
• 1930 – Christopher Nicole, Guyanese-English author
• 1930 – Hal Smith, American baseball player
• 1931 – Allan B. Calhamer, American game designer, created Diplomacy (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Ellen Burstyn, American actress
• 1932 – Oktay Ekşi, Turkish journalist and politician
• 1932 – Rosemary Rogers, American journalist and author
• 1932 – J. B. Sumarlin, Indonesian economist and politician, 17th Indonesian Minister of Finance
• 1933 – Krsto Papić, Croatian director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1935 – Armando Manzanero, Mexican musician, singer and composer
• 1937 – Thad Cochran, American soldier, lawyer, and politician
• 1937 – Stan Boardman, English comedian
• 1938 – Bud Spangler, American drummer, composer, and producer (d. 2014)
• 1939 – Blackie Dammett, American actor and author
• 1940 – Gerry Cheevers, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1941 – Melba Pattillo Beals, American journalist and activist
• 1942 – Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1981)
• 1942 – Alex Johnson, American baseball player (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Peter Tomarken, American game show host and producer (d. 2006)
• 1943 – Susan Isaacs, American author and screenwriter
• 1943 – Nick Katz, American mathematician and academic
• 1943 – Bernard C. Parks, American police officer and politician
• 1943 – John Bennett Ramsey, American businessman and pilot
• 1944 – Daniel Chorzempa, American organist and composer
• 1944 – Miroslav Macek, Czech dentist and politician
• 1946 – Kirsti Sparboe, Norwegian singer and actress
• 1947 – Johnny Bench, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1947 – Anne Fine, English author
• 1947 – James Keach, American actor, producer, and director
• 1947 – Tony Thomas, American screenwriter and producer
• 1947 – Garry Unger, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1949 – James Rivière, Italian sculptor and jeweler
• 1949 – Tom Waits, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1950 – Ron Hynes, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
• 1952 – Susan Collins, American politician
• 1952 – Georges Corraface, Greek actor and former president of the Thessaloniki International Film Festival
• 1952 – Eckhard Märzke, German footballer and manager
• 1954 – Mary Fallin, American businesswoman and politician, 27th Governor of Oklahoma
• 1955 – John Watkins, Australian educator and politician, 14th Deputy Premier of New South Wales
• 1956 – Larry Bird, American basketball player and coach
• 1956 – Anna Soubry, British politician
• 1957 – Tom Winsor, English lawyer and civil servant
• 1958 – Tim Butler, English bass player and songwriter
• 1958 – Rick Rude, American wrestler and sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1959 – Barbara Wilshere, South African-English actress
• 1960 – Craig Scanlon, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1961 – Dawn Sears, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1962 – Alain Blondel, French decathlete
• 1962 – Jeffrey Donaldson, Northern Irish politician
• 1962 – Imad Mughniyah, Lebanese activist (d. 2008)
• 1963 – Theo Snelders, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1964 – Patrick Fabian, American actor
• 1964 – Peter Laviolette, American ice hockey player and coach
• 1965 – Colin Hendry, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1965 – Jeffrey Wright, American actor
• 1966 – C. Thomas Howell, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Shinichi Ito, Japanese motorcycle racer
• 1966 – Kazue Itoh, Japanese actress
• 1966 – Andres Kasekamp, Canadian-Estonian historian and academic
• 1967 – Tino Martinez, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1967 – Katsuya Terada, Japanese illustrator
• 1968 – Mark Geyer, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
• 1968 – Filip Naudts, Belgian photographer
• 1969 – Andrea Claudio Galluzzo, Italian historian and archaeologist.
• 1971 – Vladimir Akopian, Azerbaijani-Armenian chess player
• 1972 – Hermann Maier, Austrian skier
• 1972 – Tammy Lynn Sytch, American wrestler and manager
• 1973 – İbrahim Kutluay, Turkish basketball player
• 1973 – Hack Meyers, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2015)
• 1973 – Terrell Owens, American football player and actor
• 1973 – Fabien Pelous, French rugby player and coach
• 1973 – Damien Rice, Irish singer-songwriter, musician and record producer
• 1974 – Nicole Appleton, Canadian singer and actress
• 1974 – Kang Full, South Korean illustrator
• 1974 – Panagiotis Liadelis, Greek basketball player
• 1974 – Voldemārs Lūsis, Latvian javelin thrower
• 1974 – Manuel Martínez Gutiérrez, Spanish shot putter and actor
• 1975 – Jamie Clapham, English footballer and coach
• 1976 – Alan Faneca, American football player
• 1976 – Ivan Franceschini, Italian footballer
• 1976 – Brent Johnson, Canadian football player
• 1976 – Georges Laraque, Canadian ice hockey player and politician
• 1976 – Derek Ramsay, Filipino-British actor, model and television personality
• 1976 – Sunny Sweeney, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1976 – Benoît Tréluyer, French race car driver
• 1977 – Eric Chavez, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1977 – Luke Donald, English golfer
• 1977 – Dominic Howard, English drummer and producer
• 1978 – Donny Alamsyah, Indonesian actor
• 1978 – Shiri Appleby, American actress, director, and producer
• 1978 – Frankie J, Mexican-American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1979 – Sara Bareilles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress
• 1979 – Lampros Choutos, Greek-Italian footballer
• 1979 – Ayako Fujitani, Japanese actress and screenwriter
• 1980 – John Terry, English footballer
• 1982 – Jesse Johnson, American actor
• 1983 – Mike Mucitelli, American mixed martial artist
• 1984 – Aaron Gray, American basketball player
• 1984 – Robert Kubica, Polish race car driver
• 1984 – Milan Michálek, Czech ice hockey player
• 1984 – Luca Rigoni, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Dean Ambrose, American wrestler
• 1986 – Billy Horschel, American golfer
• 1987 – Aaron Carter, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
• 1988 – Nathan Adrian, American swimmer
• 1988 – Angelina Gabueva, Russian tennis player
• 1989 – Alessandro Marchi, Italian footballer
• 1990 – Aleksandr Menkov, Russian long jumper
• 1990 – Yasiel Puig, Cuban baseball player
• 1990 – Urszula Radwańska, Polish tennis player
• 1991 – Eugenio Pisani, Italian race car driver
• 1991 – Dori Sakurada, Japanese actor, singer, and dancer
• 1994 – Yuzuru Hanyu, Japanese figure skater
• 1998 – Tony Yike Yang, Canadian pianist

Deaths[edit]

• 43 BC – Cicero, Roman philosopher, lawyer, and politician (b. 106 BC)
• 283 – Pope Eutychian
• 983 – Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 955)
• 1254 – Pope Innocent IV (b. 1195)
• 1279 – Bolesław V the Chaste, Polish husband of Kinga of Poland (b. 1226)
• 1295 – Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (b. 1243)
• 1498 – Alexander Hegius von Heek, German poet (b. 1433)
• 1562 – Adrian Willaert, Dutch-Italian composer and educator (b. 1490)
• 1649 – Charles Garnier, French missionary and saint (b. 1606)
• 1672 – Richard Bellingham, English-American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1592)
• 1683 – Algernon Sidney, English philosopher and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1623)
• 1723 – Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect, designed the Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk and Karlova Koruna Chateau (b. 1677)
• 1725 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (b. 1661)
• 1772 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish monk, scholar, and author (b. 1695)
• 1775 – Charles Saunders, English admiral and politician (b. 1715)
• 1793 – Joseph Bara, French soldier and drummer (b. 1779)
• 1803 – Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, Turkish admiral and politician (b. 1757)
• 1815 – Michel Ney, German-French general (b. 1769)
• 1817 – William Bligh, English admiral and politician, 4th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1745)
• 1842 – Thomas Hamilton, Scottish philosopher and author (b. 1789)
• 1874 – Constantin von Tischendorf, German theologian, scholar, and academic (b. 1815)
• 1879 – Jón Sigurðsson, Icelandic scholar and politician, 1st Speaker of the Parliament of Iceland (b. 1811)
• 1894 – Ferdinand de Lesseps, French businessman and diplomat, co-developed the Suez Canal (b. 1805)
• 1899 – Juan Luna, Filipino painter and sculptor (b. 1857)
• 1902 – Thomas Nast, German-American cartoonist (b. 1840)
• 1906 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1833)
• 1913 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian cardinal (b. 1828)
• 1917 – Ludwig Minkus, Austrian violinist and composer (b. 1826)
• 1941 – Attack on Pearl Harbor:
  • Mervyn S. Bennion, American captain (b. 1887)
  • Frederick Curtice Davis, American soldier (b. 1915)
  • Julius Ellsberry, American soldier (b. 1922)
  • John C. England, American soldier (b. 1920)
  • Edwin J. Hill, American sailor (b. 1894)
  • Ralph Hollis, American soldier (b. 1906)
  • Herbert C. Jones, American soldier (b. 1918)
  • Isaac C. Kidd, American admiral (b. 1884)
  • Robert Lawrence Leopold, American soldier (b. 1916)
  • Herbert Hugo Menges, American soldier (b. 1917)
  • Thomas James Reeves, American soldier (b. 1895)
  • Aloysius Schmitt, American priest and sailor (b. 1909)
  • Robert R. Scott, American sailor (b. 1915)
  • Peter Tomich, American sailor (b. 1893)
  • Robert Uhlmann, American soldier (b. 1919)
  • Franklin Van Valkenburgh, American captain (b. 1888)
  • Eldon P. Wyman, American soldier (b. 1917)
• 1947 – Tristan Bernard, French author and playwright (b. 1866)
• 1947 – Nicholas Murray Butler, American philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
• 1949 – Rex Beach, American author, playwright, and water polo player (b. 1877)
• 1956 – Huntley Gordon, Canadian-American actor (b. 1887)
• 1956 – Reşat Nuri Güntekin, Turkish author and playwright (b. 1889)
• 1960 – Ioannis Demestichas, Greek admiral and politician (b. 1882)
• 1960 – Clara Haskil, Swiss pianist (b. 1895)
• 1962 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian opera singer (b. 1895)
• 1969 – Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player and manager (b. 1897)
• 1969 – Eric Portman, English actor (b. 1903)
• 1970 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist, sculptor, and author (b. 1883)
• 1975 – Thornton Wilder, American novelist and playwright (b. 1897)
• 1975 – Hardie Albright, American actor (b. 1903)
• 1976 – Paul Bragg, American nutritionist (b. 1895)
• 1977 – Paul Gibb, English cricketer and umpire (b. 1913)
• 1977 – Peter Carl Goldmark, Hungarian-American engineer (b. 1906)
• 1977 – Georges Grignard, French race car driver (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Alexander Wetmore, American ornithologist and paleontologist (b. 1886)
• 1979 – Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, English-American astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1900)
• 1984 – LeeRoy Yarbrough, American race car driver (b. 1938)
• 1985 – J. R. Eyerman, American photographer and journalist (b. 1906)
• 1985 – Robert Graves, English poet, novelist, critic (b. 1895)
• 1985 – Potter Stewart, American soldier and jurist (b. 1915)
• 1989 – Haystacks Calhoun, American wrestler and actor (b. 1934)
• 1990 – Joan Bennett, American actress (b. 1910)
• 1990 – Jean Paul Lemieux, Canadian painter and educator (b. 1904)
• 1992 – Richard J. Hughes, American politician, 45th Governor of New Jersey, and Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Abidin Dino, Turkish-French painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
• 1993 – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Ivoirian physician and politician, 1st President of Ivory Coast (b. 1905)
• 1993 – Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)
• 1995 – Kathleen Harrison, English actress (b. 1892)
• 1997 – Billy Bremner, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1942)
• 1998 – John Addison, English-American composer and conductor (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Martin Rodbell, American biochemist and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Carl F. H. Henry American journalist and theologian (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Azie Taylor Morton, American educator and politician, 36th Treasurer of the United States (b. 1933)
• 2004 – Frederick Fennell, American conductor and educator (b. 1914)
• 2004 – Jerry Scoggins, American singer and guitarist (b. 1913)
• 2004 – Jay Van Andel, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Amway (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Bud Carson, American football player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Jeane Kirkpatrick, American academic and diplomat, 16th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Herbert Hutner, American banker and lawyer (b. 1908)
• 2010 – Elizabeth Edwards, American lawyer and author (b. 1949)
• 2011 – Harry Morgan, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Roelof Kruisinga, Dutch physician and politician, Dutch Minister of Defence (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Ralph Parr, American colonel and pilot (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Marty Reisman, American table tennis player and author (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Saul Steinberg, American businessman and financier (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Édouard Molinaro, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Allen Rosenberg, American rower and coach (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Chick Willis, American singer and guitarist (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Brian Roy Goble, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Mark Lewis, American author and educator (b. 1954)
• 2015 – Jesse C. Deen, American soldier and politician (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Gerhard Lenski, American sociologist and academic (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Hyron Spinrad, American American astronomer and academic (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Peter Westbury, English race car driver (b. 1938)