EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST. 4/2/21
- 46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.[1]
- 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army.[2]
- 1649 – English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.[3]
- 1717 – The Netherlands, Great Britain, and France sign the Triple Alliance[4] in an attempt to maintain the Treaty of Utrecht; Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17, 1716).
- 1762 – Great Britain declares war on Spain, which meant the entry of Spain into the Seven Years' War.[5]
- 1798 – Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest, Wallachia, as its new Prince, invested by the Ottoman Empire.[6]
- 1853 – After having been kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, Solomon Northup regains his freedom; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave later becomes a national bestseller.[7]
- 1854 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.[8]
- 1863 – The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.[9]
- 1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule[10] and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
- 1884 – The Fabian Society is founded in London, United Kingdom.[11]
- 1885 – Sino-French War: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing force at Núi Bop in northern Vietnam.[12]
- 1896 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.[13]
- 1903 – Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.[14]
- 1912 – The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter.[15]
- 1918 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.[16]
- 1944 – World War II: Operation Carpetbagger, involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.[17]
- 1948 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom becoming an independent republic,[18] named the Union of Burma, with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister.
- 1951 – Korean War: Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul.[19]
- 1956 – The Greek National Radical Union is formed by Konstantinos Karamanlis.[20]
- 1958 – Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, falls to Earth from orbit.[21]
- 1959 – Luna 1 becomes the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon.[22]
- 1972 – Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit at the Old Bailey in London, UK.[23]
- 1976 – The Troubles: The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The next day, gunmen would shoot dead ten Protestant civilians nearby in retaliation.[24]
- 1987 – The Maryland train collision: An Amtrak train en route to Boston from Washington, D.C., collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland, United States, killing 16 people.[25]
- 1989 – Second Gulf of Sidra incident: A pair of Libyan MiG-23 "Floggers" are shot down by a pair of US Navy F-14 Tomcats during an air-to-air confrontation.[26]
- 1990 – In Pakistan's deadliest train accident an overloaded passenger train collides with an empty freight train, resulting in 307 deaths and 700 injuries.[27]
- 1998 – A massive ice storm hits eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, continuing through January 10 and causing widespread destruction.[28]
- 1999 – Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura is sworn in as governor of Minnesota, United States.[29]
- 2004 – Spirit, a NASA Mars rover, lands successfully on Mars at 04:35 UTC.[30]
- 2004 – Mikheil Saakashvili is elected President of Georgia following the November 2003 Rose Revolution.[31]
- 2006 – Ehud Olmert becomes acting Prime Minister of Israel after the incumbent, Ariel Sharon, suffers a second, apparently more serious stroke.[32]
- 2007 – The 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U.S. history.[33]
- 2010 – The Burj Khalifa, the current tallest building in the world, officially opens in Dubai.[34]
- 2013 – A gunman kills eight people in a house-to-house rampage in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines.[35]
- 2018 – Hennenman–Kroonstad train crash: A passenger train operated by Shosholoza Meyl collides with a truck on a level crossing at Geneva Station between Hennenman and Kroonstad, Free State, South Africa. Twenty people are killed and 260 injured.[36]
Births
- 659 – Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (d.680)[37][38]
- 1077 – Emperor Zhezong of China (d. 1100)[39]
- 1334 – Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (d. 1383)[40]
- 1467 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (d. 1538)[41]
- 1581 – James Ussher, Irish archbishop and historian (d. 1656)[42]
- 1643 – Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist (d. 1727)[43]
- 1654 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician and academic (d. 1742)[44]
- 1672 – Hugh Boulter, English-Irish archbishop (d. 1742)[45]
- 1710 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer, violinist, and organist (d. 1736)[46]
- 1720 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German organist and composer (d. 1774)[47]
- 1785 – Jacob Grimm, German philologist and mythologist (d. 1863)[48]
- 1809 – Louis Braille, French educator, invented Braille (d. 1852)[49]
- 1813 – Isaac Pitman, English linguist and educator (d. 1897)[50]
- 1832 – George Tryon, English admiral (d. 1893)[51]
- 1838 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (d. 1883)[52]
- 1839 – Carl Humann, German archaeologist, architect, and engineer (d. 1896)[53]
- 1848 – Katsura Tarō, Japanese general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1913)[54]
- 1858 – Carter Glass, American publisher and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1946)[55]
- 1864 – Clara Emilia Smitt, Swedish doctor and author (d. 1928)[56]
- 1869 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1960)[57]
- 1874 – Josef Suk, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1935)[58]
- 1877 – Marsden Hartley, American painter and poet (d. 1943)[59]
- 1878 – A. E. Coppard, English poet and short story writer (d. 1957)[60]
- 1878 – Augustus John, Welsh painter and illustrator (d. 1961)[61]
- 1881 – Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (d. 1919)[62]
- 1883 – Max Eastman, American author and poet (d. 1969)[63]
- 1883 – Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch pathologist and academic (d. 1961)[64]
- 1884 – Guy Pène du Bois, American painter, critic, and educator (d. 1958)[65]
- 1889 – M. Patanjali Sastri, Indian lawyer and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of India (d. 1963)[66]
- 1891 – Edward Brooker, English-Australian sergeant and politician, 31st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1948)[67]
- 1895 – Leroy Grumman, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co. (d. 1982)[68]
- 1896 – Everett Dirksen, American politician (d. 1969)[69]
- 1896 – André Masson, French painter and illustrator (d. 1987)[70]
- 1897 – Chen Cheng, Chinese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (d. 1965)[71]
- 1900 – James Bond, American ornithologist and zoologist (d. 1989)[72]
- 1901 – C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and theorist (d. 1989)[73]
- 1902 – John A. McCone, American businessman and politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)[74]
- 1905 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)[75]
- 1913 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan ruler (d. 2007)[76]
- 1916 – Lionel Newman, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)[77]
- 1916 – Robert Parrish, American actor and director (d. 1995)[78]
- 1920 – William Colby, American intelligence officer, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1996)[79]
- 1924 – Marianne Werner, German shot putter[80]
- 1925 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (d. 2003)[81]
- 1927 – Paul Desmarais, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)[82]
- 1927 – Barbara Rush, American actress[83]
- 1929 – Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (d. 2015)[84]
- 1930 – Sorrell Booke, American actor and director (d. 1994)[85]
- 1930 – Don Shula, American football player and coach (d. 2020)[86]
- 1931 – William Deane, Australian judge and politician, 22nd Governor-General of Australia[87]
- 1931 – Nora Iuga, Romanian poet, writer and translator[88]
- 1931 – Coşkun Özarı, Turkish footballer and coach (d. 2011)
- 1932 – Clint Hill, American secret service agent and author
- 1932 – Carlos Saura, Spanish director and screenwriter[89]
- 1934 – Rudolf Schuster, Slovak politician, 2nd President of Slovakia[90]
- 1935 – Floyd Patterson, American boxer (d. 2006)[91]
- 1937 – Grace Bumbry, American operatic soprano[92]
- 1937 – Dyan Cannon, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter[93]
- 1940 – Gao Xingjian, Chinese novelist, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate[94]
- 1940 – Brian Josephson, Welsh physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[95]
- 1941 – George P. Cosmatos, Italian-Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2005)[96]
- 1941 – Kalpnath Rai, Indian politician (d. 1999)[97]
- 1942 – Bolaji Akinyemi, Nigerian political scientist, academic, and politician[98]
- 1942 – Jim Downing, American race car driver and inventor[99]
- 1942 – John McLaughlin, English guitarist and songwriter[100]
- 1943 – Doris Kearns Goodwin, American historian and author[101]
- 1943 – Hwang Sok-yong, South Korean author and educator[102]
- 1944 – Gary Stevens, Australian rugby league player[103]
- 1944 – Alan Sutherland, New Zealand rugby player[104]
- 1945 – Richard R. Schrock, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[105]
- 1946 – Arthur Conley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2003)[106]
- 1947 – Chris Cutler, English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist[107]
- 1947 – Marie-Thérèse Letablier, French sociologist and academic[108]
- 1948 – Kostas Davourlis, Greek footballer (d. 1992)[109]
- 1948 – Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Malian civil servant and politician, Prime Minister of Mali
- 1949 – Mick Mills, English footballer and manager[110]
- 1950 – Khondakar Ashraf Hossain, Bangladesh poet and academic (d. 2013)[111]
- 1953 – Norberto Alonso, Argentinian footballer[112]
- 1954 – Rob Kerin, Australian politician, 43rd Premier of South Australia[113]
- 1954 – Tina Knowles, American fashion designer, founded House of Deréon[114]
- 1956 – Ann Magnuson, American actress and performance artist [115]
- 1956 – Zehava Gal-On, Israeli politician[116]
- 1956 – Bernard Sumner, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[117]
- 1957 – Patty Loveless, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[118]
- 1958 – Matt Frewer, American-Canadian actor[119]
- 1960 – Gavin Miller, Australian rugby league player[120]
- 1960 – Michael Stipe, American singer-songwriter and producer[121]
- 1961 – Sidney Green, American basketball player and coach[122]
- 1963 – Dave Foley, Canadian comedian, actor, director, and producer[123]
- 1963 – Martina Proeber, German diver[124]
- 1964 – Susan Devoy, New Zealand squash player[125]
- 1964 – Adrian Shelford, New Zealand rugby league player (d. 2003)[126]
- 1965 – Guy Forget, French tennis player[127]
- 1965 – Craig Revel Horwood, Australian-English dancer, choreographer, and director[128]
- 1965 – Julia Ormond, English actress and producer[129]
- 1966 – Deana Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[130]
- 1967 – Johnny Nelson, English boxer and sportscaster[131]
- 1967 – David Toms, American golfer and philanthropist[132]
- 1967 – David Wilson, Australian rugby player[133]
- 1969 – Kees van Wonderen, Dutch footballer and manager[134]
- 1971 – Shane Walker, Australian rugby league player[135]
- 1971 – Colin Ward, Australian rugby league player[136]
- 1973 – Frank Høj, Danish cyclist[137]
- 1974 – Danilo Hondo, German cyclist[138]
- 1975 – Shane Carwin, American mixed martial artist and wrestler[139]
- 1975 – Paul Watson, English footballer and physiotherapist[140]
- 1976 – Ted Lilly, American baseball player[141]
- 1978 – Dominik Hrbatý, Slovak tennis player[142]
- 1979 – Shergo Biran, German footballer[143]
- 1979 – Tristan Gommendy, French race car driver[144]
- 1980 – Miguel Monteiro, Portuguese footballer[145]
- 1980 – Justin Ontong, South African cricketer[146]
- 1982 – Richard Logan, English footballer[147]
- 1982 – Danny Sullivan, Australian rugby league player[148]
- 1985 – Kari Aalvik Grimsbø, Norwegian handball player[149]
- 1985 – Gökhan Gönül, Turkish footballer[150]
- 1985 – Al Jefferson, American basketball player[151]
- 1986 – Younès Kaboul, French footballer[152]
- 1986 – Andrei Krauchanka, Belarusian decathlete[153]
- 1986 – James Milner, English footballer[154]
- 1987 – Kay Voser, Swiss footballer[155]
- 1988 – Anestis Argyriou, Greek footballer[156]
- 1988 – Maximilian Riedmüller, German footballer[157]
- 1989 – Graham Rahal, American race car driver[158]
- 1990 – Iago Falque, Spanish footballer[159]
- 1990 – Toni Kroos, German footballer[160]
- 1990 – Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer[161]
- 1992 – Kris Bryant, American baseball player[162]
- 1994 – Derrick Henry, American football player[163]
- 1996 – Jackson Hastings, Australian rugby league player[164]
- 1997 – Ante Žižić, Croatian basketball player[165]
- 1998 – Liza Soberano, Filipina actress[166]
- 1999 – Nico Hischier, Swiss ice hockey player[167]
- 1999 – Jaeman Salmon, Australian rugby league player[168]
Deaths
- 871 – Æthelwulf, Saxon ealdorman[2]
- 874 – Hasan al-Askari, eleventh of the Twelve Imams (probable;[169] b. 846)
- 1248 – Sancho II of Portugal (b. 1209)[170]
- 1344 – Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle, English peer (b. 1288)[171]
- 1399 – Nicholas Eymerich, Catalan theologian and inquisitor[172]
- 1424 – Muzio Sforza, Italian condottiero[173]
- 1428 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)[174]
- 1584 – Tobias Stimmer, Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1539)[175]
- 1604 – Ferenc Nádasdy, Hungarian noble (b. 1555)[176]
- 1695 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, French general (b. 1628)[177]
- 1752 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1704)[178]
- 1761 – Stephen Hales, English clergyman and physiologist (b. 1677)[179]
- 1782 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect, designed École Militaire (b. 1698)[180]
- 1786 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1729)[181]
- 1804 – Charlotte Lennox, English author and poet (b. 1730)[182]
- 1821 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint (b. 1774)[183]
- 1825 – Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1751)[184]
- 1863 – Roger Hanson, American general (b. 1827)[185]
- 1874 – Thomas Gregson, English-Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1798)[186]
- 1877 – Cornelius Vanderbilt, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1794)[187]
- 1880 – Anselm Feuerbach, German painter and educator (b. 1829)[188]
- 1880 – Edward William Cooke, English painter and illustrator (b. 1811)[189]
- 1882 – John William Draper, English-American physician, chemist, and photographer (b. 1811)[190]
- 1883 – Antoine Chanzy, French general (b. 1823)[191]
- 1891 – Antoine Labelle, Canadian priest (b. 1833)[192]
- 1896 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (b. 1821)[193]
- 1900 – Stanisław Mieroszewski, Polish-born politician, writer, historian and member of the Imperial Council of Austria (b. 1827)[194]
- 1901 – Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (b. 1842)
- 1904 – Anna Winlock, American astronomer and academic (b. 1857)[195]
- 1910 – Léon Delagrange, French pilot and sculptor (b. 1873)[196]
- 1912 – Clarence Dutton, American geologist and soldier (b. 1841)[197]
- 1919 – Georg von Hertling, German academic and politician, 7th Chancellor of the German Empire (b. 1843)[198]
- 1920 – Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish author and playwright (b. 1843)[199]
- 1924 – Alfred Grünfeld, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1852)[200]
- 1925 – Nellie Cashman, American nurse, restaurateur, entrepreneur, and gold prospector (b. 1845)[201]
- 1927 – Süleyman Nazif, Turkish poet and civil servant (b. 1870)[202]
- 1931 – Art Acord, American actor and stuntman (b. 1890)[203]
- 1931 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)[204]
- 1931 – Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Indian journalist, activist, and scholar (b. 1878)
- 1940 – Flora Finch, English-American actress and producer (b. 1867)
- 1941 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)[205]
- 1943 – Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz, Greek-Polish swimmer and water polo player (b. 1911)
- 1943 – Marina Raskova, Russian pilot and navigator (b. 1912)[206]
- 1944 – Kaj Munk, Danish playwright and pastor (b. 1898)
- 1960 – Albert Camus, French novelist, philosopher, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)[207]
- 1961 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)[208]
- 1962 – Hans Lammers, German jurist and politician (b. 1879)
- 1965 – T. S. Eliot, American-English poet, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)[209]
- 1967 – Donald Campbell, English racing driver and world speed record holder (b. 1921)[210]
- 1969 – Paul Chambers, American bassist and composer (b. 1935)[211]
- 1975 – Carlo Levi, Italian painter, author, and activist (b. 1902)[212]
- 1985 – Brian Horrocks, Indian-English general (b. 1895)[213]
- 1986 – Christopher Isherwood, English-American author and academic (b. 1904)[214]
- 1986 – Phil Lynott, Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (b. 1949)[215]
- 1988 – Lily Laskine, French harp player (b. 1893)[216]
- 1990 – Harold Eugene Edgerton, American engineer and academic (b. 1903)[217]
- 1990 – Henry Bolte, Australian sergeant and politician, 38th Premier of Victoria (b. 1908)
- 1994 – R. D. Burman, Indian film composer and music director (b. 1939)[218]
- 1995 – Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (b. 1942)[219]
- 1995 – Sol Tax, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1907)[220]
- 1997 – Harry Helmsley, American businessman (b. 1909)[221]
- 1998 – Mae Questel, American actress (b. 1908)[222]
- 1999 – Iron Eyes Cody, American actor and stuntman (b. 1904)[223]
- 2000 – Spyros Markezinis, Greek lawyer and politician, 170th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1909)
- 2000 – Tom Fears, Mexican-American football player and coach (b. 1922)
- 2001 – Les Brown, American bandleader and composer (b. 1912)[224]
- 2004 – Brian Gibson, English director and screenwriter (b. 1944)[225]
- 2004 – Joan Aiken, English author (b. 1924)[226]
- 2004 – John Toland, American historian and author (b. 1912)[227]
- 2005 – Bud Poile, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1924)[228]
- 2005 – Frank Harary, American mathematician and academic (b. 1921)[229]
- 2005 – Humphrey Carpenter, English radio host and author (b. 1946)[230]
- 2005 – Robert Heilbroner, American economist and historian (b. 1919)[231]
- 2006 – Irving Layton, Romanian-Canadian poet and academic (b. 1912)[232]
- 2006 – Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Emirati politician, 1st Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (b. 1946)[233]
- 2006 – Milton Himmelfarb, American sociographer, author, and academic (b. 1918)[234]
- 2007 – Helen Hill, American director and producer (b. 1970)
- 2007 – Steve Krantz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
- 2007 – Marais Viljoen, South African politician, 5th State President of South Africa (b. 1915)[235]
- 2008 – Xavier Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist (b. 1932)[236]
- 2009 – Gert Jonke, Austrian poet, playwright, and author (b. 1946)[237]
- 2010 – Johan Ferrier, Surinamese educator and politician, 1st President of Suriname (b. 1910)[238]
- 2010 – Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese engineer (b. 1916)[239]
- 2011 – Coen Moulijn, Dutch footballer (b. 1937)[240]
- 2011 – Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1947)[241]
- 2011 – Salmaan Taseer, Pakistani businessman and politician, 26th Governor of Punjab, Pakistan (b. 1944)[242]
- 2012 – Eve Arnold, American photographer and journalist (b. 1912)[243]
- 2012 – Rod Robbie, English-Canadian architect, designed the Canadian Pavilion and Rogers Centre (b. 1928)[244]
- 2013 – Anwar Shamim, Pakistani general (b. 1931)[245]
- 2013 – Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1951)[246]
- 2015 – Pino Daniele, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1955)[247]
- 2016 – S. H. Kapadia, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 38th Chief Justice of India (b. 1947)[248]
- 2016 – Stephen W. Bosworth, American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Korea (b. 1939)[249]
- 2017 – Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (b. 1918)[250]
- 2017 – Georges Prêtre, French orchestral and opera conductor (b. 1924)[251]
- 2019 – Harold Brown, 14th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1927)[252]
- 2020 – Tom Long, Australian actor (b. 1968)[253]\
- 2020 - Albert Roux, French restaurateur and chef working in Britain (b.1935) [254]
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