1215 Peking [Beijing], then a city of over one million, under control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured and looted for a month by the Mongols under Genghis Khan 1676 Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79) 1964 Kenya becomes a republic with Jomo Kenyatta as its 1st President 1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy | 
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