EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST. 13/3/21
- 1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War.[1]
- 1591 – At the Battle of Tondibi in Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty, led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.[2]
- 1639 – Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard.[3]
- 1697 – Nojpetén, capital of the last independent Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors, the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.[4]
- 1741 – The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (part of the War of Jenkins' Ear) begins.[5]
- 1781 – William Herschel discovers Uranus.[6]
- 1809 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in the Coup of 1809.[7]
- 1826 – Pope Leo XII publishes the apostolic constitution Quo Graviora in which he renewed the prohibition on Catholics joining freemasonry.[8]
- 1845 – Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.[9]
- 1848 – The German revolutions of 1848–1849 begin in Vienna.[10]
- 1862 – The Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves was passed by the United States Congress, effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.[11]
- 1881 – Alexander II of Russia is assassinated.[12]
- 1884 – The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.[13]
- 1900 – British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, during the Second Boer War.[14]
- 1920 – The Kapp Putsch briefly ousts the Weimar Republic government from Berlin.[15]
- 1930 – The news of the discovery of Pluto is announced by Lowell Observatory.[16]
- 1943 – German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.[17]
- 1954 – The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage by Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp; Viet Minh victory lead to the end of the First Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.[18]
- 1957 – Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.[19]
- 1969 – Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.[20]
- 1979 – The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts the Prime Minister of Grenada, Eric Gairy, in a coup d'état.[21]
- 1988 – The Seikan Tunnel, the longest undersea tunnel in the world, opens between Aomori and Hakodate, Japan.[22]
- 1992 – The Mw 6.6 Erzincan earthquake strikes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).[23]
- 1993 – The 1993 Storm of the Century affects the Eastern US, dropping feet of snow in many areas.[24]
- 1996 – The Dunblane massacre leads to the death of sixteen primary school children and one teacher in Dunblane, Scotland.[25]
- 1997 – The Missionaries of Charity choose Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as their leader.[26]
- 2003 – An article in Nature identifies the Ciampate del Diavolo as 350,000-year-old hominid footprints.[27]
- 2012 – The Sierre coach crash kills 28 people, including 22 children.[28]
- 2013 – The 2013 papal conclave elects Pope Francis as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.[29]
- 2016 – The Ankara bombing kills at least 37 people.[30]
- 2016 – Three gunmen attack two hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand-Bassam, killing at least 19 people.[31]
- 2020 – Breonna Taylor was killed when police officers forcibly entered her home in Louisville, Kentucky; her death sparked extensive protests against police brutality.[32]
- 1372 – Louis I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1407)[33]
- 1479 – Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (d. 1534)[34]
- 1560 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch count (d. 1620)[35]
- 1593 – Georges de La Tour, French painter (probable;[36] d. 1652)
- 1599 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)[37]
- 1615 – Innocent XII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1700)[38]
- 1683 – Johann Wilhelm Weinmann, German botanist (d. 1741)[39]
- 1700 – Michel Blavet, French flute player and composer (d. 1768)[40]
- 1719 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Essex (d. 1797)[41]
- 1720 – Charles Bonnet, Swiss historian and author (d. 1793)[42]
- 1741 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1790)[43]
- 1763 – Guillaume Brune, French general and diplomat (d. 1815)[44]
- 1764 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1845)[45]
- 1770 – Daniel Lambert, English animal breeder (d. 1809)[46]
- 1781 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German painter and architect, designed the Konzerthaus Berlin (d. 1841)[47]
- 1798 – Abigail Fillmore, American wife of Millard Fillmore, 14th First Lady of the United States (d. 1853)[48]
- 1800 – Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottoman politician, 212th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1858)[49]
- 1815 – James Curtis Hepburn, American physician, linguist, and missionary (d. 1911)[50]
- 1825 – Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (d. 1903)[51]
- 1855 – Percival Lowell, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1916)[52]
- 1857 – B. H. Roberts, English-American historian and politician (d. 1933)[53]
- 1860 – Hugo Wolf, Slovene-Austrian composer (d. 1903)[54]
- 1862 – Paul Prosper Henrys, French general (d. 1943)[55]
- 1864 – Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian-German painter (d. 1941)[56]
- 1870 – William Glackens, American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)[57]
- 1874 – Ellery Harding Clark, American jumper, coach, and lawyer (d. 1949)[58]
- 1880 – Josef Gočár, Czech architect (d. 1945)[59]
- 1883 – Enrico Toselli, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1926)[60]
- 1884 – Hugh Walpole, New Zealand-English author and educator (d. 1941)[61]
- 1886 – Home Run Baker, American baseball player and manager (d. 1963)[62]
- 1886 – Albert William Stevens, American captain and photographer (d. 1949)[63]
- 1888 – Paul Morand, French author and diplomat (d. 1976)[64]
- 1890 – Fritz Busch, German conductor and director (d. 1951)[65]
- 1892 – Janet Flanner, American journalist and author (d. 1978)[66]
- 1897 – Yeghishe Charents, Armenian poet and activist (d. 1937)[67]
- 1898 – Henry Hathaway, American director and producer (d. 1985)[68]
- 1899 – John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)[69]
- 1899 – Pancho Vladigerov, Bulgarian pianist and composer (d. 1978)[70]
- 1900 – Andrée Bosquet, Belgian painter (d. 1980)[71]
- 1900 – Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)[72]
- 1902 – Hans Bellmer, German-French painter and sculptor (d. 1975)[73]
- 1904 – Clifford Roach, Trinidadian cricketer and footballer (d. 1988)[74]
- 1907 – Dorothy Tangney, Australian politician (d. 1985)[75]
- 1908 – Walter Annenberg, American publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 2002)[76]
- 1908 – Myrtle Bachelder, American chemist and Women's Army Corps officer (d. 1997)[77]
- 1910 – Sammy Kaye, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1987)[78]
- 1910 – Kemal Tahir, Turkish journalist and author (d. 1973)[79]
- 1911 – José Ardévol, Cuban composer and conductor (d. 1981)[80]
- 1911 – L. Ron Hubbard, American author (d. 1986)[81]
- 1913 – William J. Casey, American politician, 13th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1987)[82]
- 1913 – Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian author and playwright (d. 2009)[83]
- 1914 – W. O. Mitchell, Canadian author and playwright (d. 1998)[84]
- 1914 – Edward O'Hare, American lieutenant and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1943)[85]
- 1916 – Lindy Boggs, American educator and politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (d. 2013)[86]
- 1916 – Jacque Fresco, American engineer and academic (d. 2017)[87]
- 1920 – Ralph J. Roberts, American businessman, co-founded Comcast (d. 2015)[88]
- 1921 – Al Jaffee, American cartoonist[89]
- 1923 – Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek general (d. 2010)[90]
- 1925 – Roy Haynes, American drummer and composer[91]
- 1926 – Carlos Roberto Reina, Honduran lawyer and politician, President of Honduras (d. 2003)[92]
- 1929 – Zbigniew Messner, Polish economist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland (d. 2014)[93]
- 1933 – Mahdi Elmandjra, Moroccan economist and sociologist (d. 2014)[94]
- 1933 – Gero von Wilpert, German author and academic (d. 2009)[95]
- 1935 – David Nobbs, English author and screenwriter (d. 2015)[96]
- 1938 – Robert Gammage, American captain and politician (d. 2012)[97]
- 1939 – Neil Sedaka, American singer-songwriter and pianist[52]
- 1941 – Donella Meadows, American environmentalist, author, and academic (d. 2001)[98]
- 1942 – Dave Cutler, American computer scientist and engineer[99]
- 1942 – Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet and author (d. 2008)[100]
- 1942 – Scatman John, American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)[101]
- 1944 – Terence Burns, Baron Burns, English economist and academic[102]
- 1945 – Anatoly Fomenko, Russian mathematician and academic[103]
- 1946 – Yonatan Netanyahu, American-Israeli colonel (d. 1976)[104]
- 1947 – Lesley Collier, English ballerina and educator[105]
- 1947 – Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician and cellist (d. 2018)[106]
- 1947 – Lyn St. James, American race car driver[107]
- 1949 – Ze'ev Bielski, Israeli politician[108]
- 1949 – Sian Elias, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 12th Chief Justice of New Zealand[109]
- 1950 – Joe Bugner, Hungarian-British boxer and actor[110]
- 1950 – Bernard Julien, Trinidadian cricketer[111]
- 1950 – Charles Krauthammer, American physician, journalist, and author (d. 2018)[112]
- 1950 – William H. Macy, American actor, director, and screenwriter[52]
- 1951 – Charo, Spanish-American singer, guitarist, and actress[112]
- 1952 – Wolfgang Rihm, German composer and educator[113]
- 1952 – Tim Sebastian, English journalist and author[114]
- 1953 – Andy Bean, American golfer[52]
- 1953 – Michael Curry, 27th presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church[115]
- 1954 – Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos, Guyanese-English politician and diplomat[116]
- 1954 – Robin Duke, Canadian actress and screenwriter[117]
- 1955 – Bruno Conti, Italian footballer and manager[118]
- 1955 – Glenne Headly, American actress (d. 2017)[119]
- 1955 – Olga Rukavishnikova, Russian pentathlete[120]
- 1956 – Dana Delany, American actress and producer[52]
- 1956 – Indu Malhotra, Judge of the Supreme Court of India[121]
- 1957 – John Hoeven, American banker and politician, 31st Governor of North Dakota[52]
- 1957 – Moses Hogan, American composer and conductor (d. 2003)[122]
- 1958 – Mágico González, Salvadoran footballer[123]
- 1958 – Rick Lazio, American lawyer and politician[124]
- 1958 – Caryl Phillips, Caribbean-English author and playwright[125]
- 1959 – Dirk Wellham, Australian cricketer[126]
- 1960 – Adam Clayton, English-Irish musician and songwriter[52]
- 1960 – Joe Ranft, American animator, screenwriter, and voice actor (d. 2005)[127]
- 1963 – Vance Johnson, American football player[128]
- 1964 – Will Clark, American baseball player[129]
- 1964 – Craig Dimond, Australian rugby league player[130]
- 1964 – Trevor Gillmeister Australian rugby league player and coach[131]
- 1966 – Chico Science, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)[132]
- 1967 – Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (d. 1994)[133]
- 1967 – Pieter Vink, Dutch footballer and referee[134]
- 1969 – Darren Fritz, Australian rugby league player[135]
- 1970 – Tim Story, American director and producer[136]
- 1971 – Annabeth Gish, American actress[117]
- 1971 – Allan Nielsen, Danish international footballer, midfielder and manager[137]
- 1972 – Common, American rapper and actor[52]
- 1973 – Edgar Davids, Surinamese born Dutch international footballer midfielder and manager[138]
- 1973 – Bobby Jackson, American basketball player and coach[139]
- 1974 – James Brinkley, Scottish cricketer[140]
- 1974 – Thomas Enqvist, Swedish tennis player and sportscaster[141]
- 1975 – Mark Clattenburg, English football referee[142]
- 1976 – Troy Hudson, American basketball player and rapper[143]
- 1976 – Danny Masterson, American actor and producer[112]
- 1978 – Tom Danielson, American cyclist[144]
- 1978 – Kenny Watson, American football player[145]
- 1979 – Johan Santana, Venezuelan-American baseball player[146]
- 1979 – Cédric Van Branteghem, Belgian sprinter[147]
- 1980 – Caron Butler, American basketball player[52]
- 1980 – Brad Watts, Australian rugby league player[148]
- 1982 – Nicole Ohlde, American basketball player[149]
- 1983 – Kaitlin Sandeno, American swimmer[150]
- 1984 – Geeta Basra, Indian actress[151]
- 1985 – Alcides Araújo Alves, Brazilian footballer[152]
- 1985 – Emile Hirsch, American actor[52]
- 1986 – Neil Wagner, South African-New Zealand cricketer[153]
- 1987 – Marco Andretti, American race car driver[154]
- 1987 – Andreas Beck, German footballer[155]
- 1988 – Furdjel Narsingh, Dutch footballer[156]
- 1989 – Holger Badstuber, German footballer[157]
- 1989 – Marko Marin, German footballer[158]
- 1989 – Robert Wickens, Canadian racing driver[154]
- 1990 – Anicet Abel, Malagasy footballer[159]
- 1991 – Daniel Greig, Australian speed skater[160]
- 1991 – Tristan Thompson, American basketball player[161]
- 1994 – Gerard Deulofeu, Spanish footballer[162]
- 1995 – Mikaela Shiffrin, American skier[163]
- 1998 – Jay-Roy Grot, Dutch footballer[164]
- 2001 – Thomas Dearden, Australian rugby league player[165]
- 1202 – Mieszko III the Old, king of Poland (b. c. 1121)[166]
- 1271 – Henry of Almain, English knight (b. 1235)[167]
- 1415 – Minye Kyawswa, Crown Prince of Ava (b. 1391)[168]
- 1447 – Shah Rukh, Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania (b. 1377)[169]
- 1573 – Michel de l'Hôpital, French politician (b. 1507)[170]
- 1601 – Henry Cuffe, Politician (b. 1563)[171]
- 1619 – Richard Burbage, English actor (b. 1567)[172]
- 1711 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (b. 1636)[173]
- 1719 – Johann Friedrich Böttger, German chemist and potter (b. 1682)[174]
- 1800 – Nana Fadnavis, Indian minister and politician (b. 1742)[175]
- 1808 – Christian VII of Denmark (b. 1749)[176]
- 1823 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (b. 1735)[177]
- 1833 – William Bradley, English lieutenant and cartographer (b. 1757)[178]
- 1842 – Henry Shrapnel, English general (b. 1761)[179]
- 1854 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French politician, 6th Prime Minister of France (b. 1773)[180]
- 1873 – David Swinson Maynard, American physician, lawyer, and businessman (b. 1808)[181]
- 1879 – Adolf Anderssen, German mathematician and chess player (b. 1818)[182]
- 1881 – Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)[12]
- 1884 – Leland Stanford Jr., American son of Leland Stanford (b. 1868)[183]
- 1885 – Giorgio Mitrovich, Maltese politician (b. 1795)[184]
- 1901 – Benjamin Harrison, American general and politician, 23rd President of the United States (b. 1833)[185]
- 1906 – Susan B. Anthony, American activist (b. 1820)[186]
- 1912 – Eugène-Étienne Taché, Canadian engineer and architect, designed the Parliament Building (b. 1836)[187]
- 1921 – Jenny Twitchell Kempton, American opera singer and educator (b. 1835)[188]
- 1936 – Francis Bell, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)[189]
- 1938 – Clarence Darrow, American lawyer and author (b. 1857)[190]
- 1943 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet, short story writer, and novelist (b. 1898)[191]
- 1946 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)[192]
- 1953 – Johan Laidoner, Estonian general and statesman (b. 1884)[193]
- 1962 – Anne Acheson, Irish sculptor (b. 1882)[194]
- 1965 – Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (b. 1891)[195]
- 1965 – Fan Noli, Albanian-American bishop and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1882)[196]
- 1971 – Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (b. 1882)[197]
- 1972 – Tony Ray-Jones, English photographer (b. 1941)[198]
- 1975 – Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav novelist, poet, and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)[199]
- 1976 – Ole Haugsrud, American sports executive (b. 1900)[200]
- 1983 – Paul Citroen, German-Dutch illustrator and educator (b. 1896)[201]
- 1990 – Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian-American psychologist and author (b. 1903)[202]
- 1995 – Odette Hallowes, French nurse and spy (b. 1912)[203]
- 1996 – Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1941)[204]
- 1998 – Judge Dread, English singer-songwriter (b. 1945)[205]
- 1998 – Hans von Ohain, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1911)[206]
- 1999 – Lee Falk, American cartoonist, director, and producer (b. 1911)[207]
- 1999 – Garson Kanin, American director and screenwriter (b. 1912)[208]
- 2001 – John A. Alonzo, American actor and cinematographer (b. 1934)[209]
- 2001 – Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian and educator (b. 1895)[210]
- 2002 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher and scholar (b. 1900)[211]
- 2004 – Franz König, Austrian cardinal (b. 1905)[212]
- 2006 – Robert C. Baker, American businessman, invented the chicken nugget (b. 1921)[213]
- 2006 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (b. 1944)[214]
- 2006 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (b. 1925)[215]
- 2007 – Arnold Skaaland, American wrestler and manager (b. 1925)[216]
- 2009 – Betsy Blair, American actress (b. 1923)[217]
- 2009 – Alan W. Livingston, American businessman (b. 1917)[218]
- 2010 – Jean Ferrat, French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)[219]
- 2011 – Rick Martin, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1951)[220]
- 2014 – Reubin Askew, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of Florida (b. 1928)[221]
- 2014 – Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond, Irish businessman and politician (b. 1944)[222]
- 2014 – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean economist, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of Sierra Leone (b. 1932)[223]
- 2014 – Icchokas Meras, Lithuanian-Israeli author and screenwriter (b. 1934)[224]
- 2015 – Al Rosen, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)[225]
- 2016 – Hilary Putnam, American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist (b. 1926)[226]
- 2017 – Amy Krouse Rosenthal, American author (b. 1965)[227]
- 2018 – Emily Nasrallah, Lebanese writer and women's rights activist. (b. 1931)[228]
- 2020 – Breonna Taylor
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