EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 11/3/21
- 222 – Alexander Severus becomes emperor of Rome, replacing his cousin, 18-year-old Elagabalus. The bodies of the assassinated emperor and his mother, Julia Soaemias, are dragged through the streets of the city and thrown into the Tiber.[1]
- 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 1343 O.S.), and, a year later, the first Archbishop of Prague.[2]
- 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.[3]
- 1649 – The Frondeurs and the French sign the Peace of Rueil.[4]
- 1702 – The Daily Courant, England's first national daily newspaper, is published for the first time.[5]
- 1708 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.[6]
- 1784 – The signing of the Treaty of Mangalore brings the Second Anglo-Mysore War to an end.[7]
- 1845 – Flagstaff War: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.[8]
- 1848 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.[9]
- 1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.[10]
- 1861 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.[11]
- 1864 – The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.[12]
- 1872 – Construction of the Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales, begins; located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.[13]
- 1879 – Shō Tai formally abdicated his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the Ryukyu Kingdom.[14]
- 1888 – The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.[15]
- 1917 – World War I: Mesopotamian campaign: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.[16]
- 1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.[17]
- 1941 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.[18]
- 1945 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.[19]
- 1945 – World War II: The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived Japanese puppet state, is established.[20]
- 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.[21]
- 1977 – The 1977 Hanafi Siege: Around 150 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join negotiations.[22]
- 1978 – Coastal Road massacre: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.[23]
- 1981 – Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in Kosovo, then part of Yugoslavia, to give their province more political rights. The protests then became a nationwide movement.[24]
- 1983 – Bob Hawke is appointed Prime Minister of Australia.[25]
- 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union making Gorbachev the USSR's de facto, and last, head of state.[26]
- 1990 – Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.[27]
- 1990 – Patricio Aylwin is sworn in as the first democratically elected President of Chile since 1970.[28]
- 2004 – Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 191 people.[29]
- 2006 – Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile.[30]
- 2009 – Winnenden school shooting: Sixteen are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.[31]
- 2010 – Economist and businessman Sebastián Piñera is sworn in as President of Chile. Aftershocks of the 2010 Pichilemu earthquake hit central Chile during the ceremony.[32]
- 2011 – An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.[33]
- 2012 – A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.[34]
- 2020 – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares COVID-19 virus a pandemic.[35]
- 1279 – Mary of Woodstock, daughter of Edward I of England (d. c.1332)[36]
- 1544 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet and educator (d. 1595)[37]
- 1738 – Benjamin Tupper, American general (d. 1792)[38]
- 1785 – John McLean, American jurist and politician (d. 1861)[39]
- 1806 – Louis Boulanger, French Romantic painter, lithographer and illustrator (d. 1867)[40]
- 1811 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1877)[41]
- 1815 – Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)[42]
- 1818 – Marius Petipa, French-Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 1910)[43]
- 1819 – Henry Tate, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Tate & Lyle (d. 1899)[44]
- 1822 – Joseph Louis François Bertrand, French mathematician, economist, and academic (d. 1900)[45]
- 1863 – Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1915)[46]
- 1870 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1946)[47]
- 1876 – Carl Ruggles, American composer and painter (d. 1971)[48]
- 1880 – Harry H. Laughlin, American eugenicist and sociologist (d. 1943)[49]
- 1884 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish minister and hymn-writer (d. 1974)[50]
- 1885 – Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (d. 1948)[51]
- 1887 – Raoul Walsh, American actor and director (d. 1980)[52]
- 1890 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and academic (d. 1974)[53]
- 1893 – Wanda Gág, American author and illustrator (d. 1946)[54]
- 1897 – Henry Cowell, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)[55]
- 1898 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)[56]
- 1899 – Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)[57]
- 1899 – James H. Douglas, Jr., American lawyer, and politician, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense (d. 1988)[58]
- 1903 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand historian and scholar (d. 1989)[59]
- 1903 – Lawrence Welk, American accordion player and bandleader (d. 1992)[60]
- 1907 – Jessie Matthews, English actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1981)[61]
- 1908 – Matti Sippala, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 1997)[62]
- 1910 – Robert Havemann, German chemist and academic (d. 1982)[63]
- 1911 – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, Scottish general and politician (d. 1996)[64]
- 1913 – Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke, German colonel and pilot (d. 1944)[65]
- 1915 – Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)[66]
- 1915 – J. C. R. Licklider, American computer scientist and psychologist (d. 1990)[67]
- 1916 – Harold Wilson, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)[37]
- 1920 – Nicolaas Bloembergen, Dutch-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)[68]
- 1921 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentine tango composer and bandoneon player (d. 1992)[69]
- 1922 – Cornelius Castoriadis, Greek economist and philosopher (d. 1997)[70]
- 1922 – Abdul Razak Hussein, Malaysian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Malaysia (d. 1976)[71]
- 1922 – José Luis López Vázquez, Spanish actor and director (d. 2009)[72]
- 1923 – Louise Brough, American tennis player (d. 2014)[73]
- 1925 – Margaret Oakley Dayhoff, American biochemist and academic (d. 1983)[74]
- 1926 – Ralph Abernathy, American minister and activist (d. 1990)[75]
- 1927 – Freda Meissner-Blau, Austrian activist and politician (d. 2015)[76]
- 1927 – Robert Mosbacher, American businessman, and politician, United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 2010)[77]
- 1927 – Josep Maria Subirachs, Spanish sculptor and painter (d. 2014)[78]
- 1929 – Timothy Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1994)[79]
- 1929 – Jackie McGlew, South African cricketer (d. 1998)[80]
- 1930 – David Gentleman, English illustrator and engraver[81]
- 1930 – Claude Jutra, Canadian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1986)[82]
- 1931 – Rupert Murdoch, Australian-American businessman and media magnate[37]
- 1932 – Leroy Jenkins, American violinist and composer (d. 2007)[83]
- 1932 – Nigel Lawson, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer[84]
- 1934 – Sam Donaldson, American journalist[85]
- 1936 – Antonin Scalia, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2016)[37]
- 1940 – Alberto Cortez, Argentinian-Spanish singer-songwriter (d. 2019)[86]
- 1943 – Arturo Merzario, Italian race car driver[87]
- 1945 – Dock Ellis, American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)[88]
- 1945 – Harvey Mandel, American guitarist[89]
- 1947 – Tristan Murail, French composer and educator[90]
- 1950 – Bobby McFerrin, American singer-songwriter, producer, and conductor[91]
- 1950 – Jerry Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter[92]
- 1951 – Dominique Sanda, French model and actress[93]
- 1952 – Douglas Adams, English author and playwright (d. 2001)[94]
- 1953 – Derek Daly, Irish-American race car driver and sportscaster[95]
- 1953 – Jimmy Iovine, American record producer and businessman, co-founded Beats Electronics[96]
- 1953 – Bernie LaBarge, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist[97]
- 1954 – David Newman, American composer and conductor[98]
- 1954 – Gale Norton, American politician, 48th United States Secretary of the Interior[99]
- 1955 – Leslie Cliff, Canadian swimmer[100]
- 1955 – Nina Hagen, German singer[101]
- 1956 – Willie Banks, American triple jumper[102]
- 1956 – Helen Rollason, English sports journalist and sportscaster (d. 1999)[103]
- 1958 – Anissa Jones, American child actress (d. 1976)[104]
- 1959 – Nina Hartley, American pornographic actress/director, sex educator, sex-positive feminist, and author[105]
- 1960 – Warwick Taylor, New Zealand rugby player[106]
- 1961 – Elias Koteas, Canadian actor[37]
- 1961 – Bruce Watson, Canadian-Scottish guitarist[107]
- 1962 – Matt Mead, American politician, Governor of Wyoming[108]
- 1963 – Gary Barnett, English footballer and manager[109]
- 1963 – Alex Kingston, English actress[37]
- 1963 – David LaChapelle, American photographer and director[110]
- 1964 – Vinnie Paul, American drummer, songwriter and producer (d. 2018)[111]
- 1964 – Shane Richie, English actor and singer[112]
- 1965 – Nigel Adkins, English footballer and manager[113]
- 1965 – Jesse Jackson, Jr., American lawyer and politician[114]
- 1965 – Jenny Packham, English fashion designer[115]
- 1966 – John Thompson III, American basketball player and coach[116]
- 1967 – John Barrowman, Scottish-American actor and singer[37]
- 1967 – Brad Carson, American lawyer and politician[117]
- 1969 – Terrence Howard, American actor and producer[118]
- 1969 – Soraya, Colombian-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2006)[119]
- 1974 – Bobby Abreu, Venezuelan baseball player[120]
- 1976 – Thomas Gravesen, Danish footballer[121]
- 1977 – Becky Hammon, American-Russian basketball player and coach[122]
- 1978 – Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer[37]
- 1978 – Albert Luque, Spanish footballer[123]
- 1979 – Elton Brand, American basketball player[124]
- 1979 – Fred Jones, American basketball player[125]
- 1979 – Benji Madden, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[126]
- 1979 – Joel Madden, American singer-songwriter and producer[126]
- 1980 – Dan Uggla, American baseball player[127]
- 1981 – LeToya Luckett, American singer-songwriter and actress[128]
- 1982 – Brian Anderson, American baseball player[129]
- 1985 – Paul Bissonnette, Canadian ice hockey player[130]
- 1985 – Daniel Vázquez Evuy, Equatoguinean footballer[131]
- 1985 – Cassandra Fairbanks, American journalist and activist[132]
- 1985 – Stelios Malezas, Greek footballer[133]
- 1985 – Greg Olsen, American football player[134]
- 1985 – Nikolai Topor-Stanley, Australian footballer[135]
- 1986 – Dario Cologna, Swiss skier[136]
- 1987 – Marc-André Gragnani, Canadian ice hockey player[137]
- 1987 – Tanel Kangert, Estonian cyclist[138]
- 1987 – Ngonidzashe Makusha, Zimbabwean sprinter and long jumper[139]
- 1988 – Fábio Coentrão, Portuguese footballer[140]
- 1988 – Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (d. 2015)[141]
- 1989 – Anton Yelchin, Russian-born American actor (d. 2016)[142]
- 1990 – Ayumi Morita, Japanese tennis player[143]
- 1993 – Jodie Comer, British actress[37]
- 1993 – Anthony Davis, American basketball player[144]
- 1994 – Andrew Robertson, Scottish footballer[145]
- 222 – Elagabalus, Roman emperor (b. 203)[1]
- 638 – Sophronius of Jerusalem (b. 560)[146]
- 1198 – Marie of France, Countess of Champagne (b. 1145)[147]
- 1486 – Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1414)[148]
- 1514 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect, designed the San Pietro in Montorio (b. 1444)[149]
- 1575 – Matthias Flacius, Croatian theologian and reformer (b. 1520)[150]
- 1602 – Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian organist and composer (b. 1550)[151]
- 1607 – Giovanni Maria Nanino, Italian composer and educator (b. 1543)[152]
- 1665 – Clemente Tabone, Maltese landowner and militia member (b. c. 1575)[153]
- 1722 – John Toland, Irish philosopher and theorist (b. 1670)[154]
- 1759 – John Forbes, Scottish general (b. 1707)[155]
- 1820 – Benjamin West, American-English painter and academic (b. 1738)[156]
- 1851 – Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of Haiti (b. 1778)[157]
- 1851 – George McDuffie, American lawyer and politician, 55th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1790)[158]
- 1863 – Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, English general (b. 1803)[159]
- 1869 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1803)[160]
- 1870 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786)[161]
- 1874 – Charles Sumner, American lawyer and politician (b. 1811)[162]
- 1898 – William Rosecrans, American general and politician (b. 1819)[163]
- 1907 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French lawyer and politician, 6th President of France (b. 1847)[164]
- 1908 – Edmondo De Amicis, Italian journalist and author (b. 1846)[165]
- 1908 – Benjamin Waugh, English minister and activist (b. 1839)[166]
- 1915 – Thomas Alexander Browne, English-Australian author (b. 1826)[167]
- 1931 – F. W. Murnau, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1888)[168]
- 1937 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American businessman, co-founded Texaco (b. 1860)[169]
- 1944 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American journalist and historian (b. 1882)[170]
- 1944 – Edgar Zilsel, Austrian historian and philosopher of science, linked to the Vienna Circle (b. 1891)[171]
- 1949 – Henri Giraud, French general and politician (b. 1879)[172]
- 1952 – Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (b. 1885)[173]
- 1955 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)[174]
- 1955 – Oscar F. Mayer, German-American businessman, founded Oscar Mayer (b. 1859)[175]
- 1957 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and explorer (b. 1888)[176]
- 1959 – Lester Dent, American author (b. 1904)[177]
- 1960 – Roy Chapman Andrews, American paleontologist and explorer (b. 1884)[178]
- 1967 – Geraldine Farrar, American soprano and actress (b. 1882)[179]
- 1969 – John Wyndham, English author (b. 1903)[180]
- 1970 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (b. 1889)[181]
- 1971 – Philo Farnsworth, American inventor (b. 1906)[182]
- 1971 – Whitney Young, American activist (b. 1921)[183]
- 1982 – Edmund Cooper, English poet and author (b. 1926)[184]
- 1982 – Horace Gregory, American poet, translator, and academic (b. 1898)[185]
- 1984 – Gladys Pearl Baker, American film editor and mother of actress Marilyn Monroe (b. 1902)[186]
- 1986 – Sonny Terry, American singer and harmonica player (b. 1911)[187]
- 1989 – James Kee, American lawyer and politician (b. 1917)[188]
- 1989 – John J. McCloy, American lawyer and diplomat (b. 1895)[189]
- 1992 – Richard Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)[190]
- 1995 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress and singer (b. 1945)[191]
- 1996 – Vince Edwards, American actor and director (b. 1928)[192]
- 1999 – Herbert Jasper, Canadian psychologist, anatomist, and neurologist (b. 1906)[193]
- 1999 – Camille Laurin, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (b. 1922)[194]
- 2002 – James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)[195]
- 2006 – Bernie Geoffrion, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1931)[196]
- 2006 – Slobodan Milošević, Serbian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1941)[197]
- 2007 – Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (b. 1921)[198]
- 2010 – Hans van Mierlo, Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1931)[199]
- 2012 – James B. Morehead, American colonel and pilot (b. 1916)[200]
- 2013 – Martin Adolf Bormann, German priest and theologian (b. 1930)[201]
- 2013 – Simón Alberto Consalvi, Venezuelan journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Venezuela (b. 1927)[202]
- 2014 – Dean Bailey, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1967)[203]
- 2014 – Joel Brinkley, American journalist and academic (b. 1952)[204]
- 2015 – Walter Burkert, German philologist and scholar (b. 1931)[205]
- 2015 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (b. 1948)[206]
- 2016 – Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper (b. 1936)[207]
- 2016 – Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (b. 1944)[208]
- 2018 – Mary Rosenblum, American science fiction and mystery author (b. 1952)[209]
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