1616 First non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy 1821 Act of Independence of Central America: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras & Nicaragua declare their independence from the Spanish Empire 1835 HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin on board reaches the Galapagos Islands 1916 first use of tanks in warfare, "Little Willies" at Battle of Flers-Courcelette, part of the Battle of the Somme 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin while studying influenza 1940 Battle of Britain Day: climax of the Battle of Britain, tide begins to turn as the Royal Air Force repulses a major Luftwaffe attack, losing 29 aircraft to the Germans' 57-61 1992 George Soros' Quantum Fund begins selling large amounts of pound sterling, labelled "the man who broke the Bank of England" when pound crashes out of the ERM next day | 
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