1258 Baghdad, then a city of 1 million, falls to the Mongols as the abbasidCaliphate is destroyed, tens of thousands slaughtered, ending the Islamic Golden Age 1601 1st British East India Company voyage departs from London, lead by John Lancaster 1689 British Parliament adopts the Bill of Rights which establishes the rights of parliament and places limits on the crown 1942 Hitler's Operation Sealion, the invasion of England, is cancelled 1945 Allied planes begin bombing Dresden, Germany; a firestorm results and over 22,000 die 1945 USSR captures Budapest, after a 49-day battle with Nazi Germany in which 159,000 die | 
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