EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 10/3

• 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
• 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa against the Berbers, and makes a triumphal entry into Carthage.
• 947 – The Later Han is founded by Liu Zhiyuan. He declares himself emperor and establishes the capital in Bian, present-day Kaifeng.
• 1607 – Susenyos I defeats the combined armies of Yaqob and Abuna Petros II at the Battle of Gol in Gojjam, making him Emperor of Ethiopia.
• 1629 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, beginning the eleven-year period known as the Personal Rule.
• 1735 – An agreement between Nader Shah and Russia is signed near Ganja, Azerbaijan and Russian troops are withdrawn from Baku.
• 1762 – French Huguenot Jean Calas, who had been wrongly convicted of killing his son, dies after being tortured by authorities; the event inspired Voltaire to begin a campaign for religious tolerance and legal reform.
• 1804 – Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, Missouri, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
• 1814 – Emperor Napoleon I is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
• 1816 – Crossing of the Andes: A group of royalist scouts are captured during the Action of Juncalito.
• 1830 – The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army is created.
• 1848 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican–American War.
• 1861 – El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.
• 1865 - Amy Spain, American slave, is executed for stealing from her owner; believed to have been the last legal execution of a female slave in America
• 1876 – The first successful test of a telephone is made by Alexander Graham Bell.
• 1891 – Almon Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, patents the Strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.
• 1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in northern France.
• 1909 – By signing the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Thailand relinquishes its sovereignty over the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu, which become British protectorates.
• 1915 – World War I: The Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins. This is the first large-scale operation by the British Army in the war.
• 1916 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire ends.
• 1917 – Some provinces and cities in the Philippines are incorporated due to the ratification of Act No. 2711 or the Administrative Code of the Philippines.
• 1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in India, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years for an appendicitis operation.
• 1933 – The 6.4 M_w Long Beach earthquake affects the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 115–120 people dead, and causing an estimated $40 million in damage.
• 1944 – Greek Civil War: The Political Committee of National Liberation is established in Greece by the National Liberation Front.
• 1945 – World War II: The U.S. Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting conflagration kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
• 1949 – Mildred Gillars ("Axis Sally") is convicted of treason.^[1]
• 1952 – Fulgencio Batista leads a successful coup in Cuba and appoints himself as the "provisional president".
• 1959 – Tibetan uprising: Fearing an abduction attempt by China, thousands of Tibetans surround the Dalai Lama's palace to prevent his removal.
• 1966 – Military Prime Minister of South Vietnam Nguyễn Cao Kỳ sacked rival General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, precipitating large-scale civil and military dissension in parts of the nation.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, concluding the 11th with largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during that war.
• 1969 – In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King, Jr. He later unsuccessfully attempts to recant.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Captain Ernest Medina is charged by the U.S. military with My Lai war crimes.
• 1975 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh Campaign: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Mê Thuột in the South on their way to capturing Saigon in the final push for victory over South Vietnam.
• 1977 – Astronomers discover the rings of Uranus.
• 1990 – In Haiti, Prosper Avril is ousted 18 months after seizing power in a coup.
• 2000 – The Nasdaq Composite stock market index peaks at 5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
• 2006 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter arrives at Mars.
• 2017 – The impeachment of President Park Geun-hye of South Korea in response to a major political scandal is unanimously upheld by the country's Constitutional Court, ending her presidency.

Births[edit]

• 852 – Qian Liu, Chinese warlord and king (d. 932)
• 1415 – Vasily II, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1462)
• 1430 – Oliviero Carafa, Catholic cardinal (d. 1511)
• 1452 – Ferdinand II, king of Castile and León (d. 1516)
• 1503 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1564)
• 1536 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, English politician, Earl Marshal of the United Kingdom (d. 1572)
• 1549 – Francis Solanus, Spanish missionary and saint (d. 1610)
• 1590 – Dietrich Reinkingk, German lawyer and politician (d. 1664)
• 1604 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German-Dutch alchemist and chemist (d. 1670)
• 1607 – Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (d. 1667)
• 1628 – François Girardon, French sculptor (d. 1715)
• 1628 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician and biologist (d. 1694)
• 1652 – Giacomo Serpotta, Italian Rococo sculptor (d. 1732)
• 1653 – John Benbow, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1702)
• 1709 – Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist, zoologist, physician, and explorer (d. 1746)
• 1745 – John Gunby, American general (d. 1807)
• 1749 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian-American priest and poet (d. 1838)
• 1769 – Joseph Williamson, English businessman and philanthropist (d. 1840)
• 1772 – Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, German poet and critic (d. 1829)
• 1777 – Louis Hersent, French painter (d. 1860)
• 1787 – Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo, Spanish playwright and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1862)
• 1787 – William Etty, English painter and academic (d. 1849)
• 1788 – Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, German author, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1857)
• 1788 – Edward Hodges Baily, English sculptor (d. 1867)
• 1795 – Joseph Légaré, Canadian painter and glazier, artist, seigneur and political figure (d. 1855)
• 1810 – Samuel Ferguson, Irish poet and lawyer (d. 1886)
• 1844 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (d. 1908)
• 1844 – Marie Euphrosyne Spartali, British Pre-Raphaelite painter (d. 1927)
• 1845 – Alexander III of Russia (d. 1894)
• 1846 – Edward Baker Lincoln, American son of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1850)
• 1849 – Hallie Quinn Brown, African-American educator, writer and activist (d. 1949)
• 1850 – Spencer Gore, English tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
• 1853 – Thomas Mackenzie, Scottish-New Zealand cartographer and politician, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
• 1864 – Ādams Alksnis, Latvian painter (d. 1897)
• 1867 – Hector Guimard, French-American architect, designed the La Bluette (d. 1942)
• 1867 – Lillian Wald, American nurse, humanitarian, and author, founded the Henry Street Settlement (d. 1940)
• 1870 – David Riazanov, Russian theorist and politician (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Jakob Wassermann, German-Austrian soldier and author (d. 1934)
• 1876 – Edvard Eriksen, Danish-Icelandic sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1959)
• 1876 – Anna Hyatt Huntington, American sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1881 – Jessie Boswell, English painter (d. 1956)
• 1885 – Tamara Karsavina, Russian-English ballerina and educator (d. 1978)
• 1888 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (d. 1961)
• 1889 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese martial artist and educator (d. 1972)
• 1890 – Gakuryō Nakamura, Japanese painter and designer (d. 1969)
• 1891 – Sam Jaffe, American actor and engineer (d. 1984)
• 1892 – Arthur Honegger, French-Swiss composer and educator (d. 1955)
• 1892 – Gregory La Cava, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1952)
• 1896 – Frederick Coulton Waugh, British cartoonist, painter, teacher and author (d. 1973)
• 1900 – Violet Brown, Jamaican supercentenarian, oldest Jamaican ever (d. 2017) ^[2]
• 1900 – Pandelis Pouliopoulos, Greek lawyer and politician (d. 1943)
• 1901 – Michel Seuphor, Belgian painter (d. 1999)
• 1903 – Bix Beiderbecke, American cornet player, pianist, and composer (d. 1931)
• 1903 – Clare Boothe Luce, American playwright, journalist, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Italy (d. 1987)
• 1903 – Edward Bawden, British artist and illustrator (d. 1989)
• 1914 – Chandler Harper, American golfer (d. 2004)
• 1914 – K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Harry Bertoia, Italian-American sculptor and furniture designer (d. 1978)
• 1915 – Joža Horvat, Croatian writer (d. 2012)
• 1916 – Davie Fulton, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 2000)
• 1917 – David Hare, American Surrealist artist, sculptor, photographer and painter (d. 1992)
• 1918 – Günther Rall, German general and pilot (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Marion Hutton, American singer and actress (d. 1987)
• 1920 – Alfred Peet, Dutch-American businessman, founded Peet's Coffee & Tea (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Boris Vian, French author and playwright (d. 1959)
• 1922 – Kiyoshi Yamashita, Japanese painter (d. 1971)
• 1923 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Judith Jones, literary and cookbook editor (d. 2017)
• 1925 – Bob Lanier, American lawyer, banker, and politician, 58th Mayor of Houston (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Marques Haynes, American basketball player (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Claude Laydu, Belgian-French actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Paul Wunderlich, German painter, sculptor and graphic artist (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Sara Montiel, Spanish actress (d. 2013)
• 1928 – James Earl Ray, American criminal; assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Sam Steiger, American journalist and politician (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Sándor Iharos, Hungarian runner (d. 1996)
• 1931 – Georges Dor, Canadian author, playwright, and composer (d. 2001)
• 1932 – Marcia Falkender, Baroness Falkender, English politician
• 1932 – Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Indian physicist and engineer
• 1933 – Perunchithiranar, Tamil poet (d. 1995)
• 1933 – Elizabeth Azcona Cranwell, Argentinian poet and translator (d. 2004)
• 1934 – Gergely Kulcsár, Hungarian javelin thrower and coach
• 1935 – Graham Farmer, Australian footballer and coach
• 1936 – Sepp Blatter, Swiss businessman
• 1936 – Alfredo Zitarrosa, Uruguayan singer-songwriter and journalist (d. 1989)
• 1938 – Norman Blake, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1938 – Ieronymos II of Athens, Greek archbishop
• 1939 – Asghar Ali Engineer, Indian activist and author (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Hugh Johnson, English author and critic
• 1939 – Irina Press, Ukrainian-Russian hurdler and pentathlete (d. 2004)
• 1940 – Chuck Norris, American actor, producer, and martial artist
• 1940 – David Rabe, American playwright and screenwriter
• 1943 – Peter Berresford Ellis, English historian and author
• 1944 – Gail North-Saunders, Bahamian historian, archivist, and author who established the Bahamian National Archives
• 1945 – Katharine Houghton, American actress and playwright
• 1945 – Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Railways (d. 2001)
• 1946 – Gérard Garouste, French contemporary artist
• 1946 – Mike Hollands, Australian animator and director, founded Act3animation
• 1946 – Jim Valvano, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
• 1947 – Kim Campbell, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1947 – Tom Scholz, American rock musician (Boston), songwriter, inventor, and engineer
• 1948 – Austin Carr, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1949 – Bill Buxton, Canadian computer scientist and academic
• 1949 – Barbara Corcoran, American businesswoman and television personality
• 1952 – Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwean politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (d. 2018)
• 1953 – Paul Haggis, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Didier Barbelivien, French singer-songwriter
• 1955 – Toshio Suzuki, Japanese race car driver
• 1956 – Robert Llewellyn, English actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1956 – Larry Myricks, American long jumper and sprinter
• 1957 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabian terrorist, founded al-Qaeda (d. 2011)
• 1958 – Garth Crooks, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1958 – Steve Howe, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1958 – Sharon Stone, American actress and producer
• 1961 – Laurel Clark, American captain, physician, and astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1961 – Bobby Petrino, American football player and coach
• 1962 – Jasmine Guy, American actress, singer, and director
• 1962 – Seiko Matsuda, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1963 – Jeff Ament, American bass player and songwriter
• 1963 – Felipe Ramos, Mexican footballer and referee
• 1963 – Rick Rubin, American record producer, founded Def Jam Recordings
• 1964 – Neneh Cherry, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
• 1964 – Jojo Lastimosa, Filipino basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Nikola Mladenov, Macedonian journalist (d. 2013)
• 1964 – Toni Polster, Austrian footballer and manager
• 1965 – Jillian Richardson, Canadian sprinter
• 1965 – Rod Woodson, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1966 – Edie Brickell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1966 – Mike Timlin, American baseball player
• 1967 – Omer Tarin, Pakistani-English poet and scholar
• 1968 – Thio Li-ann, Singaporean lawyer and academic
• 1968 – Pavel Srníček, Czech footballer and coach (d. 2015)
• 1970 – Matt Barlow, American singer-songwriter
• 1971 – Jon Hamm, American actor and director
• 1972 – Timbaland, American rapper and producer
• 1973 – Jason Croker, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1973 – Chris Sutton, English footballer and manager
• 1973 – Mauricio Taricco, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Cristián de la Fuente, Chilean-American model, actor, and producer
• 1975 – Jamie Arnold, American-Israeli basketball player and coach
• 1976 – Barbara Schett, Austrian tennis player and sportscaster
• 1977 – Robin Thicke, American singer
• 1978 – Camille, French singer-songwriter and actress
• 1978 – Neil Alexander, Scottish footballer
• 1978 – Benjamin Burnley, American musician Breaking Benjamin
• 1980 – Lars Horntveth, Norwegian saxophonist and composer
• 1981 – Samuel Eto'o, Cameroonian footballer and manager
• 1981 – Ángel López, Spanish footballer
• 1981 – Steven Reid, English-Irish footballer and manager
• 1982 – Kwame Brown, American basketball player
• 1982 – Keke Wyatt, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1983 – Étienne Boulay, Canadian football player
• 1983 – Rafe Spall, English actor
• 1983 – Janet Mock, American journalist, author, and activist
• 1983 – Carrie Underwood, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984 – Ben May, English footballer
• 1984 – Olivia Wilde, American actress and producer
• 1985 – Lassana Diarra, French footballer
• 1985 – Casey Dienel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1987 – Martellus Bennett, American football player
• 1987 – Greg Eastwood, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1987 – Ebba Jungmark, Swedish high jumper
• 1987 – Tuukka Rask, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1987 – Liu Shishi, Chinese actress and ballerina
• 1988 – Josh Hoffman, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
• 1988 – Kang In-soo, South Korean singer
• 1992 – Emily Osment, American actress, singer, and songwriter
• 1992 – Neeskens Kebano, French-born Congolese football player
• 1993 – Jack Butland, English footballer
• 1995 – Zach LaVine, American basketball player
• 1995 – Sergey Mozgov, Russian ice dancer
• 1997 – Julia Barretto, Filipino actress and singer
• 1997 – Belinda Bencic, Swiss tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 483 – Pope Simplicius
• 933 – Li Renfu, Chinese warlord and governor
• 948 – Liu Zhiyuan, Shatuo founder of the Later Han dynasty (b. 895)
• 1039 – Eudes, Duke of Gascony
• 1222 – Johan Sverkersson, king of Sweden since 1216 (b. 1201)
• 1289 – Maud de Lacy, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester, English noble (b. 1223)
• 1291 – Arghun, Mongol ruler in Persia
• 1315 – Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian mystic (b. c.1244)
• 1391 – Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
• 1476 – Richard West, 7th Baron De La Warr (b. 1430)
• 1510 – Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss priest and theologian (b. 1445)
• 1513 – John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, English commander and politician, Lord High Constable of England (b. 1443)
• 1527 – Nam Gon, Korean writer and prime minister (b. 1471)
• 1528 – Balthasar Hübmaier, influential German/Moravian Anabaptist leader (b. 1480)
• 1572 – William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester (b. c. 1483)
• 1585 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (b. 1517)
• 1588 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss physician and scholar (b. 1533)
• 1670 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German-Dutch chemist and engineer (b. 1604)
• 1724 – Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (b. 1641)
• 1776 – Élie Catherine Fréron, French author and critic (b. 1719)
• 1792 – John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Scottish politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1713)
• 1823 – George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith, Scottish admiral and politician (b. 1746)
• 1826 – John Pinkerton, Scottish antiquarian, cartographer, author, numismatist and historian (b. 1758)
• 1832 – Muzio Clementi, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1752)
• 1861 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, playwright, and ethnographer (b. 1814)
• 1872 – Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian journalist and politician (b. 1805)
• 1898 – Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French nun and saint, founded the Religious of the Assumption (b. 1817)
• 1895 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-French fashion designer, founded the House of Worth (b. 1826)
• 1897 – Savitribai Phule, Indian poet and activist (b. 1831)
• 1910 – Karl Lueger, Austrian lawyer and politician Mayor of Vienna (b. 1844)
• 1910 – Carl Reinecke, German pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1824)
• 1913 – Harriet Tubman, American nurse and activist (b. 1820)
• 1925 – Myer Prinstein, Polish-American jumper and lawyer (b. 1878)
• 1930 – Misuzu Kaneko, Japanese poet and songwriter (b. 1903)
• 1937 – Yevgeny Zamyatin, Russian journalist and author (b. 1884)
• 1940 – Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian novelist and playwright (b. 1891)
• 1942 – Wilbur Scoville, American pharmacist and chemist (b. 1865)
• 1948 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author, poet, and dancer (b. 1900)
• 1948 – Jan Masaryk, Czech soldier and politician (b. 1886)
• 1951 – Kijūrō Shidehara, Japanese lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1872)
• 1965 – Archibald Frazer-Nash, English engineer, founded Frazer Nash (b. 1889)
• 1966 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
• 1966 – Frank O'Connor, Irish short story writer, novelist, and poet (b. 1903)
• 1977 – E. Power Biggs, English-American organist and composer (b. 1906)
• 1982 – Minoru Shirota, Japanese physician and microbiologist, invented Yakult (b. 1899)
• 1985 – Konstantin Chernenko, Russian soldier and politician, 8th Head of State of The Soviet Union (b. 1911)
• 1985 – Bob Nieman, American baseball player and scout (b. 1927)
• 1986 – Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (b. 1905)
• 1988 – Andy Gibb, Manx-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1958)
• 1989 – Kermit Beahan, American colonel and pilot (b. 1918)
• 1990 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Giorgos Zampetas, Greek bouzouki player and composer (b. 1925)
• 1996 – Ross Hunter, American film producer (b. 1926)
• 1997 – LaVern Baker, American singer and actress (b. 1929)
• 1998 – Lloyd Bridges, American actor and director (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Massimo Morsello, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
• 2004 – Renos Apostolidis, Greek philologist, author, and critic (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Dave Allen, Irish-English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1936)
• 2006 – Anna Moffo, American soprano (b. 1932)
• 2007 – Ernie Ladd, American football player and wrestler (b. 1938)
• 2010 – Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, Egyptian scholar and academic (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Bill Blackbeard, American author and illustrator (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Bert R. Bulkin, American engineer (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Jean Giraud, French author and illustrator (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Mykola Plaviuk, Ukrainian politician, President Ukrainian People's Republic in Exile (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Tan Boon Teik, Malaysian-Singaporean lawyer and politician, Attorney-General of Singapore (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Richard Glatzer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
• 2016 – Ken Adam, German-English production designer and art director (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Keith Emerson, English keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Roberto Perfumo, Argentinian footballer and sportscaster (b. 1942)
• 2016 – Jovito Salonga, Filipino lawyer and politician, 14th President of the Senate of the Philippines (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Anita Brookner, English novelist and art historian (b. 1928)