EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 2/1/20
- AD 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.[1]
- 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.[2]
- 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.[3]
- 1492 – Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, surrenders.[4]
- 1680 – Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya.[5] a month after the rebel leader was captured by the Dutch East India Company.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.[6]
- 1788 – Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.[7]
- 1791 – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.[8]
- 1818 – The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.[9]
- 1865 – Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.[10]
- 1900 – American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.[11]
- 1920 – The second Palmer Raid, ordered by the US Department of Justice, results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial.[12]
- 1941 – World War II: The Cardiff Blitz severely damages the cathedral in Cardiff, Wales.[13]
- 1942 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) obtains the conviction of 33 members of a German spy ring headed by Fritz Joubert Duquesne in the largest espionage case in United States history—the Duquesne Spy Ring.[14]
- 1942 – World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces, enabling them to control the Philippines.[15]
- 1949 – Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.[16]
- 1954 – India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan.[17]
- 1955 – Following the assassination of the Panamanian president José Antonio Remón Cantera, his deputy, José Ramón Guizado, takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered.[18]
- 1959 – Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the Soviet Union.[19]
- 1963 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong wins its first major victory, at the Battle of Ap Bac.[20]
- 1967 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is sworn in as Governor of California.[21]
- 1971 – The second Ibrox disaster kills 66 fans at a Rangers-Celtic association football (soccer) match.[22]
- 1974 – United States President Richard Nixon signs a bill lowering the maximum U.S. speed limit to 55 MPH in order to conserve gasoline during an OPEC embargo.[23]
- 1975 – At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra, Minister of Railways.[24]
- 1975 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.[25]
- 1976 – The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage.[26]
- 1978 – On the orders of the President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan, Pakistan; it is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills.[27]
- 1981 – One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.[28]
- 1991 – Sharon Pratt Kelly becomes the first African American woman mayor of a major city and first woman Mayor of the District of Columbia.[29]
- 1993 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lanka Navy kill 35–100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon.[30]
- 2004 – Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.[31]
Births
- 869 – Yōzei, Japanese emperor (d. 949)[32]
- 1462 – Piero di Cosimo, Italian painter (d. 1522)[33]
- 1509 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)[34]
- 1642 – Mehmed IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1693)[35]
- 1647 – Nathaniel Bacon, English-American rebel leader (d. 1676)[36]
- 1699 – Osman III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1757)[37]
- 1713 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (d. 1803)[38]
- 1727 – James Wolfe, English general (d. 1759)[39]
- 1732 – František Brixi, Czech organist and composer (d. 1771)[40]
- 1777 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor and educator (d. 1857)[41]
- 1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1869)[42]
- 1822 – Rudolf Clausius, Polish-German physicist and mathematician (d. 1888)[43]
- 1827 – Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Russian geographer and statistician (d. 1914)[44]
- 1833 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (d. 1893)[45]
- 1836 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (d. 1917)[46]
- 1836 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (d. 1885)[47]
- 1837 – Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1910)[48]
- 1857 – M. Carey Thomas, American educator and activist (d. 1935)[49]
- 1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, Canadian engineer (d. 1931)[50]
- 1860 – William Corless Mills, American historian and curator (d. 1928)[51]
- 1866 – Gilbert Murray, Australian-English playwright and scholar (d. 1957)[52]
- 1870 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and playwright (d. 1938)[53]
- 1870 – Tex Rickard, American boxing promoter and businessman (d. 1929)[54]
- 1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer and theorist (d. 1960)[55]
- 1873 – Thérèse of Lisieux, French nun and saint (d. 1897)[56]
- 1878 – Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai, Indian activist, founded the Nair Service Society (d. 1970)[57]
- 1884 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-Israeli historian and politician, 4th Israeli Minister of Education (d. 1973)[58]
- 1885 – Gordon Flowerdew, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)[59]
- 1886 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English explorer and author (d. 1959)[60]
- 1889 – Bertram Stevens, Australian accountant and politician, 25th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1973)[61]
- 1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect and urban planner, designed the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station (d. 1990)[62]
- 1892 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (d. 1962)[63]
- 1892 – Artur Rodziński, Polish-American conductor (d. 1958)[64]
- 1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (d. 1948)[65]
- 1896 – Dziga Vertov, Polish-Russian director and screenwriter (d. 1954)[66]
- 1896 – Lawrence Wackett, Australian commander and engineer (d. 1982)[67]
- 1897 – Theodore Plucknett, English legal historian (d. 1965)[68]
- 1900 – Una Ledingham, British physician, known for research on diabetes in pregnancy (d. 1965)[69]
- 1901 – Bob Marshall, American activist, co-founded The Wilderness Society (d. 1939)[70]
- 1902 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (d. 2007)[71]
- 1903 – Kane Tanaka, Japanese supercentenarian, oldest verified living person[72]
- 1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist and chemist (d. 1981)[73]
- 1905 – Luigi Zampa, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1991)[74]
- 1905 – Michael Tippett, English composer and conductor (d. 1998)[75]
- 1909 – Barry Goldwater, American politician, businessman, and author (d. 1998)[76]
- 1909 – Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer and author (d. 2009)[77]
- 1913 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)[78]
- 1913 – Juanita Jackson Mitchell, American lawyer and activist (d. 1992)[79]
- 1917 – Vera Zorina, German-Norwegian actress and dancer (d. 2003)[80]
- 1918 – Willi Graf, German physician and activist (d. 1943)[81]
- 1919 – Beatrice Hicks, American engineer (d. 1979)[82]
- 1920(probable) – Isaac Asimov, American writer and professor of biochemistry (d. 1992)[83]
- 1921 – Glen Harmon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)[84]
- 1926 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)[85]
- 1928 – Dan Rostenkowski, American politician (d. 2010)[86]
- 1929 – Tellervo Koivisto, Finnish politician, former First Lady of Finland[87]
- 1931 – Toshiki Kaifu, Japanese lawyer and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Japan[88]
- 1934 – John Hollowbread, English footballer, goalkeeper (d. 2007)[89]
- 1936 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 1992)[90]
- 1938 – David Bailey, English photographer and painter[91]
- 1938 – Lynn Conway, American computer scientist and electrical engineer[92]
- 1938 – Robert Smithson, American sculptor and photographer (d. 1973)[93]
- 1940 – Jim Bakker, American televangelist[94]
- 1940 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)[95]
- 1942 – Dennis Hastert, American educator and politician, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
- 1942 – Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish lawyer and diplomat[96]
- 1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer (d. 2004)[97]
- 1944 – Charlie Davis, Trinidadian cricketer[98]
- 1944 – Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian field marshal and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia[99]
- 1944 – Péter Eötvös, Hungarian composer and conductor[100]
- 1947 – Calvin Hill, American football player[101]
- 1947 – David Shapiro, American poet, historian, and critic[102]
- 1947 – Jack Hanna, American zoologist and author[103]
- 1949 – Christopher Durang, American playwright and screenwriter[104]
- 1949 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and academic (d. 2006)[105]
- 1952 – Indulis Emsis, Latvian biologist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Latvia[106]
- 1954 – Henry Bonilla, American broadcaster and politician[107]
- 1954 – Évelyne Trouillot, Haitian playwright and author[108]
- 1961 – Craig James, American football player and sportscaster[109]
- 1961 – Gabrielle Carteris, American actress[110]
- 1961 – Paula Hamilton, English model [111]
- 1961 – Robert Wexler, American lawyer and politician[112]
- 1963 – David Cone, American baseball player and sportscaster[113]
- 1963 – Edgar Martínez, American baseball player[114]
- 1964 – Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (d. 2019)[115]
- 1965 – Francois Pienaar, South African rugby player[116]
- 1967 – Jón Gnarr, Icelandic actor and politician; 20th Mayor of Reykjavik City[117]
- 1967 – Tia Carrere, American actress[118]
- 1968 – Anky van Grunsven, Dutch dressage champion[119]
- 1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor and producer[120]
- 1969 – Christy Turlington, American model[121]
- 1969 – István Bagyula, Hungarian pole vaulter[122]
- 1969 – William Fox-Pitt, English horse rider and journalist[123]
- 1970 – Eric Whitacre, American composer and conductor[124]
- 1971 – Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress[125]
- 1971 – Taye Diggs, American actor and singer[126]
- 1972 – Mattias Norström, Swedish ice hockey player and manager[127]
- 1972 – Rodney MacDonald, Canadian educator and politician, 26th Premier of Nova Scotia[128]
- 1972 – Shiraz Minwalla, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist[129]
- 1974 – Ludmila Formanová, Czech runner[130]
- 1974 – Tomáš Řepka, Czech footballer[131]
- 1975 – Reuben Thorne, New Zealand rugby player[132]
- 1977 – Brian Boucher, American ice hockey player and sportscaster[133]
- 1977 – Stefan Koubek, Austrian tennis player[134]
- 1979 – Jonathan Greening English footballer[135]
- 1981 – Maxi Rodríguez, Argentinian footballer[136]
- 1983 – Kate Bosworth, American actress[137]
- 1987 – Robert Milsom, English footballer[138]
- 1988 – Damien Tussac, French-German rugby player[139]
- 1992 – Paulo Gazzaniga, Argentinian footballer[140]
- 1992 – Korbin Sims, Australian-Fijian rugby league player[141]
- 1998 – Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch footballer[142]
- 1999 — Fernando Tatís Jr., American baseball player[143]
Deaths
- 951 – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han[144]
- 951 – Su Fengji, Chinese official and chancellor[144]
- 1096 – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and chief counsellor of William II of England[145]
- 1169 – Bertrand de Blanchefort, sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. c. 1109)[146]
- 1184 – Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos[147]
- 1298 – Lodomer, Hungarian prelate, Archbishop of Esztergom[148]
- 1470 – Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order[149]
- 1512 – Svante Nilsson, Sweden politician (b. 1460)[150]
- 1514 – William Smyth, English bishop and academic (b. 1460)[151]
- 1543 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (b. 1497)[152]
- 1557 – Pontormo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1494)[153]
- 1613 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1539)[154]
- 1614 – Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza, Spanish mystical poet and Catholic martyr (b. 1566)[155]
- 1726 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1688)[156]
- 1763 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (b. 1690)[157]
- 1850 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, Mexican lawyer and 20th President (1847) (b. 1789)[158]
- 1861 – Frederick William IV of Prussia (b. 1795)[159]
- 1892 – George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1801)[160]
- 1904 – James Longstreet, American general and diplomat (b. 1821)[161]
- 1913 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)[162]
- 1915 – Karl Goldmark, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1830)[58]
- 1917 – Léon Flameng, French cyclist (b. 1877)[163]
- 1920 – Paul Adam, French author (b. 1862)[164]
- 1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English author and scholar (b. 1834)[165]
- 1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)[166]
- 1941 – Mischa Levitzki, Russian-American pianist and composer (b. 1898)[167]
- 1946 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (b. 1870)[168]
- 1950 – James Dooley, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1877)[169]
- 1951 – William Campion, English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia (b. 1870)[170]
- 1953 – Guccio Gucci, Italian businessman and fashion designer, founder of Gucci (b. 1881)[171]
- 1960 – Paul Sauvé, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (b. 1907)[172]
- 1963 – Dick Powell, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1904)[173]
- 1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American actor (b. 1910)[173]
- 1974 – Tex Ritter, American actor (b. 1905)[174]
- 1975 – Siraj Sikder, Bangladesh revolutionary leader (b. 1944)[175]
- 1977 – Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (b. 1921)[176]
- 1986 – Una Merkel, American actress (b. 1903)[177]
- 1987 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (b. 1899)[178]
- 1989 – Safdar Hashmi, Indian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1954)[179]
- 1990 – Alan Hale Jr., American film and television actor (b. 1921)[180]
- 1990 – Evangelos Averoff, Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister for National Defence (b. 1910)[180]
- 1994 – Dixy Lee Ray, American biologist and politician; 17th Governor of Washington (b. 1914)[181]
- 1994 – Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, French lawyer and businessman (b. 1915)[182]
- 1995 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (b. 1921)[183]
- 1995 – Siad Barre, Somalian general and politician; 3rd President of Somalia (b. 1919)[184]
- 1999 – Rolf Liebermann, Swiss-French composer and manager (b. 1910)[185]
- 1999 – Sebastian Haffner, German journalist and author (b. 1907)[186]
- 2000 – Elmo Zumwalt, American admiral (b. 1920)[187]
- 2000 – Patrick O'Brian, English author and translator (b. 1914)[188]
- 2001 – William P. Rogers, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State (b. 1913)[189]
- 2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist and physician (b. 1911)[190]
- 2006 – Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1913)[191]
- 2006 – Osa Massen, Danish-American actress (b. 1914) [192]
- 2007 – A. Richard Newton, Australian-American engineer and academic (b. 1951)
- 2007 – Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, American historian and author (b. 1941)[193]
- 2007 – Teddy Kollek, Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem (b. 1911)[194]
- 2008 – George MacDonald Fraser, Scottish journalist and author (b. 1925)[195]
- 2008 – Lee S. Dreyfus, American sailor, academic, and politician, 40th Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1926)
- 2009 – Inger Christensen, Danish poet and author (b. 1935)[196]
- 2009 – Dnyaneshwar Agashe, Indian businessman and cricketer (b. 1942)
- 2010 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (b. 1958)[197]
- 2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)[198]
- 2011 – Bali Ram Bhagat, Indian politician; 16th Governor of Rajasthan (b. 1922)[199]
- 2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (b. 1946)[200]
- 2012 – Gordon Hirabayashi, American-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1918)[201]
- 2012 – Silvana Gallardo, American actress and producer (b. 1953)[202]
- 2012 – William P. Carey, American businessman and philanthropist, founded W. P. Carey (b. 1930)[203]
- 2013 – Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian, author, and academic (b. 1920)[204]
- 2013 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (b. 1944)[205]
- 2014 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (b. 1924)[206]
- 2014 – Elizabeth Jane Howard, English author and screenwriter (b. 1923)[207]
- 2015 – Tihomir Novakov, Serbian-American physicist and academic (b. 1929)[208]
- 2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1924)[209]
- 2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1935)[210]
- 2016 – Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi Arabian religious leader (b. 1959)[211]
- 2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, mayor of Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, assassinated (b. 1982)[212]
- 2017 – Jean Vuarnet, French ski racer (b. 1933)[213]
- 2017 – John Berger, English art critic, novelist and painter (b. 1926)[214]
- 2018 – Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (b. 1950)[215]
- 2018 – Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1927)[216]
- 2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician (b. 1942)[217]
- 2019 – Bob Einstein, American actor and comedian (b. 1942)[218]
- 2019 – Gene Okerlund, American wrestling announcer (b. 1942)[219]
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