EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 19/7

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• 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
• 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
• 998 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.
• 1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
• 1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.
• 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
• 1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days on the throne.
• 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
• 1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
• 1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
• 1821 – Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.
• 1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
• 1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
• 1848 – Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking: The Qing dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
• 1903 – Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
• 1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles: British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
• 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada: The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
• 1940 – Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II, that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements.
• 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
• 1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
• 1943 – World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.
• 1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
• 1947 – Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.
• 1952 – The 1952 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were opened in Helsinki, Finland.
• 1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
• 1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Khánh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.
• 1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing that the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
• 1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
• 1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 – United Flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112.
• 1992 – A car bomb placed by mafia with collaboration of Italian intelligence kills Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort
• 1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

Births[edit]

• 810 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (d. 870)
• 1670 – Richard Leveridge, English singer-songwriter (d. 1758)
• 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary and painter (d. 1766)
• 1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and poet (d. 1806)
• 1759 – Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
• 1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian monk and saint (d. 1833)
• 1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-Canadian colonel and politician (d. 1853)
• 1789 – John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (d. 1854)
• 1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan general and politician, 1st President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
• 1814 – Samuel Colt, American businessman, founded the Colt's Manufacturing Company (d. 1862)
• 1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (d. 1890)
• 1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
• 1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
• 1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French scholar and critic (d. 1906)
• 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
• 1864 – Fiammetta Wilson, British astronomer (d. 1920)
• 1865 – Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (d.1933)
• 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
• 1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American soprano (d. 1945)
• 1869 – Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general (d. 1927)
• 1871 – Lars Jørgen Madsen, Danish target shooter (d. 1925)
• 1876 – John Gunn, England cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (d. 1963)
• 1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
• 1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
• 1890 – George II of Greece (d. 1947)
• 1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 – Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1959)
• 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bangladeshi-Pakistani politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
• 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish-Swiss physician and author (d. 1981)
• 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player and sailor (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-American sociologist and philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, Indian physician, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1979)
• 1902 – Samudrala Raghavacharya, Indian singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1968)
• 1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress and singer (d. 1972)
• 1909 – Balamani Amma, Indian poet and author (d. 2004)
• 1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
• 1917 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Dallas McKennon, American voice actor (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Patricia Medina, English-American actress (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer, and conductor (Juilliard String Quartet)
• 1920 – Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (d. 2013)
• 1921 – André Moynet, French war time fighter pilot, entrepreneur-businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
• 1922 – George McGovern, American lieutenant, historian, and politician (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Joseph Hansen, American author and poet (d. 2004)
• 1923 – Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1930 – Darko Suvin, Yugoslav-Canadian academic and critic
• 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish biologist and photographer (d. 1987)
• 1934 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
• 1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian actor and screenwriter
• 1937 – George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist and astronomer
• 1940 – Dennis Cole, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1941 – Vikki Carr, Mexican-American singer and actress
• 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch politician
• 1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
• 1945 – Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1945 – George Dzundza, German-American actor
• 1946 – Stephen Coonts, American lawyer and author
• 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 – André Forcier, Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, German footballer and manager
• 1947 – Brian May, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
• 1948 – Keith Godchaux, American musician (d. 1980)
• 1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
• 1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1950 – Adrian Noble, English director and screenwriter
• 1951 – Abel Ferrara, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1951 – Reza Kianian, Iranian actor
• 1954 – Alvan Adams, American basketball player
• 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist and historian
• 1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
• 1955 – Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
• 1956 – K.A. Applegate, American author
• 1956 – Mark Crispin, American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (d. 2012)
• 1956 – Rajendra Prasad, Tollywood actor, comedian and producer
• 1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1958 – Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2013)
• 1958 – Robert Gibson, American wrestler
• 1958 – David Robertson, American conductor
• 1959 – Juan J. Campanella, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Atom Egoyan, Egyptian-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Kevin Haskins, composer, drummer (Bauhaus, Love and Rockets, Tones on Tail)
• 1961 – Harsha Bhogle, Indian journalist and author
• 1961 – Maria Filatova, Russian gymnast
• 1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian, actress, and author
• 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian director and screenwriter
• 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor, director, and producer
• 1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor and director
• 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian author
• 1964 – André A. Jackson, French businessman
• 1964 – Masahiko Kondō, Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, and race car driver
• 1964 – Mark Wigglesworth, English conductor
• 1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
• 1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster and anchor (d. 2015)
• 1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer and manager
• 1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
• 1967 – Jean-François Mercier, Canadian comedian, screenwriter, and television host
• 1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and manager
• 1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
• 1970 – Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, First Minister of Scotland
• 1971 – Russell Allen, American singer-songwriter (Symphony X, Adrenaline Mob, Allen-Lande, and Star One)
• 1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
• 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1971 – Catriona Rowntree, Australian television host
• 1971 – Lesroy Weekes, Montserratian cricketer
• 1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
• 1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
• 1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor and screenwriter
• 1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican wrestler
• 1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer
• 1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
• 1975 – Wax Tailor, French DJ and producer
• 1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor
• 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer and manager
• 1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
• 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler
• 1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
• 1978 – Atsushi Harada, Japanese actor
• 1979 – Josué Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
• 1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
• 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian race car driver
• 1980 – Mark Webber, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican cricketer
• 1981 – Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby player
• 1981 – Grégory Vignal, French footballer
• 1982 – Phil Coke, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
• 1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
• 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
• 1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator and director
• 1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian actress and singer
• 1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
• 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
• 1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
• 1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
• 1985 – Zhou Haibin, Chinese footballer
• 1985 – Marina Kuzina, Russian basketball player
• 1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
• 1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
• 1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
• 1988 – Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player
• 1990 – Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
• 1995 – María José Alvarado, Honduran model, Señorita Honduras 2014 (d. 2014)
• 1997 – Ohga Tanaka, Japanese actor

Deaths[edit]

• 514 – Pope Symmachus
• 806 – Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
• 931 – Uda, Japanese emperor (b. 867)
• 998 – Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine general (b. c. 940)
• 1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1304)
• 1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
• 1543 – Mary Boleyn, English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1499)
• 1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1550)
• 1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Italian wife of Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena (b. 1637)
• 1692 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1653)
• 1692 – Susannah Martin, American woman accused of witchcraft (b. 1621)
• 1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1776)
• 1814 – Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (b. 1774)
• 1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (b. 1783)
• 1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (b. 1785)
• 1850 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (b. 1810)
• 1855 – Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
• 1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (b. 1796)
• 1868 – Okita Sōji, Japanese captain (b. 1844)
• 1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1847)
• 1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American publisher and religious leader (b. 1859)
• 1913 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
• 1919 – Walter Brack, German swimmer (b. 1880)
• 1933 – Kaarle Krohn, Finnish historian and academic (b. 1863)
• 1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (b. 1850)
• 1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Russian captain and pilot (b. 1916)
• 1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
• 1947 – Aung San, Burmese general and politician (b. 1915)
• 1947 – Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
• 1965 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean politician, 1st President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek author (b. 1890)
• 1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
• 1977 – Karl Ristikivi, Estonian geographer, author, and poet (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Nihat Erim, Turkish politician, 13th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
• 1982 – Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (b. 1930)
• 1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
• 1985 – Janusz Zajdel, Polish author (b. 1938)
• 1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician, President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1913)
• 1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian judge (b. 1940)
• 1994 – Victor Barbeau, Canadian author and academic (b. 1896)
• 1998 – Elmer Valo, Polish-American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Alan Lomax, American historian, scholar, and activist (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss politician, President of the Swiss National Council (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (b. 1902)
• 2004 – Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Edward Bunker, American author and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1945)
• 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (b. 1907)
• 2009 – Frank McCourt, American author and educator (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Henry Surtees, English racing driver (b. 1991)
• 2010 – Cécile Aubry, French actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 2010 – Jon Cleary, Australian author (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi director and playwright (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (b. 1912)
• 2012 – Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (b. 1935)
• 2012 – E. V. Thompson, English author (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Valiulla Yakupov, Islamic cleric (b. 1963)
• 2013 – Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter and actor (Korol i Shut) (b. 1973)
• 2013 – Mel Smith, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
• 2013 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
• 2014 – David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (b. 1917)
• 2014 – James Garner, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992)