EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 28/7

[edit]

• 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
• 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
• 1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
• 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
• 1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
• 1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
• 1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
• 1854 – USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
• 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
• 1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
• 1914 – In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, igniting World War I.
• 1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
• 1933 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Spain are established.
• 1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
• 1938 – Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
• 1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishments including duty in a penal battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
• 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
• 1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
• 1948 – The Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport".
• 1955 – The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlingua congress in Tours, France.
• 1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
• 1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
• 1974 – Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed.
• 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
• 1984 – The 1984 Summer Olympics officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad were opened in Los Angeles USA.
• 1993 – Andorra joins the United Nations.
• 1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
• 2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championships.
• 2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
• 2008 – The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare burns down for the second time in 80 years.

Births[edit]

• 1347 – Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1412)
• 1643 – Antonio Tarsia, Slovenian composer (d. 1722)
• 1635 – Robert Hooke, English physicist and chemist (d. 1703)
• 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat (d. 1715)
• 1746 – Thomas Heyward, Jr., American politician (d. 1809)
• 1750 – Fabre d'Églantine French actor, playwright, and politician (d. 1794)
• 1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company (d. 1859)
• 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German anthropologist and philosopher (d. 1872)
• 1815 – Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel (d. 1889)
• 1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English priest and poet (d. 1889)
• 1857 – Ballington Booth, English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
• 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American politician, 19th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
• 1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
• 1863 – Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
• 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English author and illustrator (d. 1943)
• 1866 – Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938)
• 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-Argentinian astronomer (d. 1951)
• 1872 – Albert Sarraut, French politician, 106th Prime Minister of France (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic (d. 1945)
• 1879 – Lucy Burns, American activist, co-founded the National Woman's Party (d. 1966)
• 1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944)
• 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French-American painter and sculptor (d. 1968)
• 1887 – Willard Price, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 1983)
• 1891 – Ron Oxenham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
• 1892 – K. Kanagaratnam, Sri Lankan civil servant and politician (d. 1952)
• 1893 – Rued Langgaard, Danish organist and composer (d. 1952)
• 1896 – Barbara La Marr, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1926)
• 1898 – Lawrence Gray, American actor and singer (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Catherine Dale Owen, American actress (d. 1965)
• 1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1979)
• 1901 – Rudy Vallée, American singer, actor, and saxophonist (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Albert Namatjira, Australian artist (d. 1959)
• 1902 – Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
• 1907 – Earl Tupper, American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (d. 1983)
• 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, English author and poet (d. 1957)
• 1909 – Aenne Burda German publisher (d. 2005)
• 1914 – Carmen Dragon, American conductor and composer (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Charles Hard Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1915 – Dick Sprang, American illustrator (d. 2000)
• 1916 – David Brown, American journalist and producer (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Preben Mahrt, Danish actor (d. 1989)
• 1920 – Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (d. 2014)
• 1922 – Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Ray Ellis, American conductor and producer (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Luigi Musso, Italian racing driver (d. 1958)
• 1928 – C. T. Vivian, American minister, author, and activist
• 1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
• 1926 – Charlie Biddle, American-Canadian bassist (d. 2003)
• 1927 – John Ashbery, American poet and academic
• 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist, 37th First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
• 1930 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Junior Kimbrough, American singer and guitarist (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Jean Roba, Belgian author and illustrator (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Ramsey Muir Withers, Canadian general (d. 2014)
• 1931 – Alan Brownjohn, English poet and author
• 1931 – Johnny Martin, Australian cricketer (d. 1992)
• 1932 – Natalie Babbitt, American author and illustrator
• 1933 – Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player and scout
• 1934 – Jacques d'Amboise, American dancer and choreographer
• 1934 – Lau Kar-leung, Chinese actor, martial artist, and director (d. 2013)
• 1935 – Simon Dee, English talk show host (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Neil McKendrick, English historian and academic
• 1936 – Russ Jackson, Canadian football player and coach
• 1936 – Garfield Sobers, Barbadian cricketer
• 1937 – Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
• 1938 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian politician, 90th President of Peru
• 1938 – Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
• 1938 – Ian McCaskill, Scottish meteorologist
• 1939 – Richard Johns, English air marshal
• 1940 – Philip Proctor, American voice actor and screenwriter
• 1941 – Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor and singer
• 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
• 1941 – Susan Roces, Filipino actress and producer
• 1942 – Marty Brennaman, American sportscaster
• 1942 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1942 – John Sattler, Australian rugby league player
• 1943 – Mike Bloomfield, American guitarist and songwriter (The Electric Flag) (d. 1981)
• 1943 – Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
• 1943 – Richard Wright, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Pink Floyd) (d. 2008)
• 1945 – Jim Davis, American cartoonist, created Garfield
• 1946 – Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1946 – Linda Kelsey, American actress
• 1946 – Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani poet and activist
• 1947 – Sally Struthers, American actress and singer
• 1948 – Gerald Casale, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and director (Devo and Jihad Jerry & the Evildoers)
• 1948 – Georgia Engel, American actress
• 1948 – Eiichi Ohtaki, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer (Happy End) (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Vida Blue, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1949 – Peter Doyle, Australian singer and guitarist (The New Seekers) (d. 2001)
• 1949 – Steve Peregrin Took, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Tyrannosaurus Rex, Pink Fairies, Shagrat, Steve Took's Horns) (d. 1980)
• 1949 – Randall Wallace, American screenwriter and producer
• 1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian singer-songwriter
• 1951 – Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex
• 1951 – Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
• 1952 – Vajiralongkorn, Thai prince
• 1952 – Amano Yoshitaka, Japanese artist
• 1954 – Bruce Abbott, American actor
• 1954 – Hugo Chávez, Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
• 1954 – Gerd Faltings, German mathematician and academic
• 1954 – Steve Morse, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dixie Dregs, Deep Purple, Living Loud, Angelfire, Kansas, and Flying Colors)
• 1954 – Mikey Sheehy, Irish footballer
• 1955 – Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian skier
• 1956 – John Feinstein, American journalist and author
• 1956 – Robert Swan, English explorer
• 1958 – Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist (d. 1981)
• 1958 – Michael Hitchcock, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1959 – William T. Vollmann, American journalist and author
• 1960 – Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Yōichi Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
• 1961 – Yannick Dalmas, French race car driver
• 1961 – Aleksandr Kurlovich, Belarusian weightlifter
• 1961 – Helmen Kütt, Estonian politician
• 1961 – Harlem Yu, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
• 1962 – Rachel Sweet, American actress, singer, producer, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Beverley Craven, Sri Lankan-English singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1964 – Lori Loughlin, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
• 1965 – Delfeayo Marsalis, American trombonist and producer
• 1966 – Shikao Suga, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967 – Taka Hirose, Japanese bass player (Feeder)
• 1969 – Alexis Arquette, American actress
• 1969 – Jón Arnar Magnússon, Icelandic decathlete
• 1969 – Dana White, American businessman
• 1970 – Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter (Arch Enemy, Spiritual Beggars, Candlemass, Carcass, and Carnage)
• 1970 – Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
• 1970 – Paul Strang, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
• 1971 – Stephen Lynch, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1971 – Annie Perreault, Canadian speed skater
• 1972 – Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
• 1972 – Robert Chapman, English cricketer
• 1972 – Yum Jung-ah, South Korean actress
• 1972 – Ayesha Jhulka, Indian actress
• 1972 – Ed Templeton, American skateboarder
• 1973 – Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1973 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Afroman, American rapper
• 1974 – Alexis Tsipras, Greek politician
• 1975 – Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer (Marlango)
• 1976 – Jacoby Shaddix, American singer-songwriter (Papa Roach and Fight the Sky)
• 1977 – Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1977 – Manu Ginóbili, Argentinian basketball player
• 1978 – Jacob Oram, New Zealand cricketer
• 1978 – Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 – Henrik Hansen, Danish footballer
• 1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer-songwriter and producer (Írafár)
• 1979 – Stefanie Küster, Paraguayan-German model, actress, and dancer
• 1979 – Lee Min-woo, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor (Shinhwa)
• 1979 – Marcus North, Australian cricketer
• 1979 – James Piotr Montague, English journalist and author
• 1979 – Alena Popchanka, French swimmer
• 1980 – Darina, Mexican singer-songwriter
• 1980 – Harumi Nemoto, Japanese model
• 1980 – Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer and actor (Hear'Say)
• 1980 – Anthony Weaver, American football player
• 1981 – Nancy Alexiadi, Greek singer
• 1981 – Michael Carrick, English footballer
• 1981 – Dave Rosin, Canadian guitarist and singer (Hedley)
• 1981 – Jo In-sung, South Korean actor
• 1981 – Bi Wenjing, Chinese gymnast
• 1982 – Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir, Icelandic singer and actress
• 1982 – Cain Velasquez, American MMA fighter
• 1983 – Dhanush, Indian actor and singer
• 1983 – Cody Hay, Canadian figure skater
• 1983 – Olavi Uusivirta, Finnish singer-songwriter and actor
• 1984 – Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
• 1985 – Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
• 1985 – Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor
• 1985 – Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
• 1985 – Sharifah Sofia, English-Malaysian actress
• 1986 – Alexandra Chando, American actress
• 1986 – Lauri Korpikoski, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1986 – Huma Qureshi, Indian actress
• 1987 – Sumire, Japanese model (d. 2009)
• 1987 – Yasser Corona, Mexican footballer
• 1987 – Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma, Spanish footballer
• 1987 – Yevhen Khacheridi, Ukrainian-Greek footballer
• 1989 – Felipe Kitadai, Brazilian martial artist
• 1990 – Soulja Boy, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1990 – Simone Pizzuti, Italian footballer
• 1991 – Rina Aizawa, Japanese actress and gravure idol
• 1992 – Spencer Boldman, American actor
• 1993 – Harry Kane, English footballer
• 1993 – Cher Lloyd, English singer-songwriter

Deaths[edit]

• 450 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (b. 401)
• 1057 – Pope Victor II (b. 1018)
• 1128 – William Clito, English son of Sybilla of Conversano (b. 1102)
• 1230 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (b. 1176)
• 1285 – Keran, Queen of Armenia
• 1527 – Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish explorer, founded the city of Santa Marta (b. 1460)
• 1540 – Thomas Cromwell, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1495)
• 1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569)
• 1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet and playwright (b. 1619)
• 1667 – Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
• 1675 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer and politician (b. 1605)
• 1685 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1618)
• 1718 – Étienne Baluze, French scholar and academic (b. 1630)
• 1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1678)
• 1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German organist and composer (b. 1685)
• 1762 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (b. 1691)
• 1794 – Maximilien de Robespierre, French lawyer and politician (b. 1758)
• 1794 – Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French soldier and politician (b. 1767)
• 1809 – Richard Beckett, English cricketer and captain (b.1772)
• 1818 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (b. 1746)
• 1835 – Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise, French general and politician, 15th Prime Minister of France (b. 1768)
• 1836 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (b. 1777)
• 1842 – Clemens Brentano, German author and poet (b. 1778)
• 1844 – Joseph Bonaparte, French brother of Napoleon (b. 1768)
• 1849 – Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
• 1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)
• 1878 – George Law Curry, American publisher and politician (b. 1820)
• 1895 – Edward Beecher, American minister and theologian (b. 1803)
• 1917 – Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (b. 1879)
• 1930 – John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881)
• 1930 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist and optician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
• 1933 – Nishinoumi Kajirō III, Japanese sumo wrestler, 30th yokozuna (b. 1890)
• 1934 – Marie Dressler, Canadian-American actress and singer (b. 1868)
• 1934 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1876)
• 1935 – Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
• 1935 – John Rahm, American golfer (b. 1854)
• 1942 – Flinders Petrie, English archaeologist and academic (b. 1853)
• 1957 – Edith Abbott, American economist, social worker, and educator (b. 1876)
• 1957 – Isaac Heinemann, German-Israeli scholar and academic (b. 1876)
• 1965 – Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese author and critic (b. 1894)
• 1965 – Attallah Suheimat, Jordanian politician (b. 1875)
• 1967 – Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1942)
• 1968 – Otto Hahn, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
• 1969 – Ramón Grau, Cuban physician and politician, 6th President of Cuba (b. 1882)
• 1969 – Frank Loesser, American composer (b. 1910)
• 1971 – Lawrence Moore Cosgrave, Canadian colonel and diplomat (b. 1890)
• 1971 – Myril Hoag, American baseball player (b. 1908)
• 1971 – Charles E. Pont, French-American minister and painter (b. 1898)
• 1972 – Helen Traubel, American soprano and actress (b. 1903)
• 1972 – Charu Majumdar, Indian activist (b. 1918)
• 1979 – Don Miller, American football player and coach (b. 1902)
• 1979 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (b. 1898)
• 1981 – Stanley Rother, American priest and missionary (b. 1935)
• 1982 – Keith Green, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1953)
• 1990 – Jill Esmond, English actress (b. 1908)
• 1992 – Sulev Nõmmik, Estonian actor and director (b. 1931)
• 1996 – Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and educator (b. 1908)
• 1997 – Rosalie Crutchley, English actress (b. 1920)
• 1997 – Seni Pramoj, Thai lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
• 1998 – Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and author (b. 1924)
• 1998 – Lenny McLean, English boxer, actor, and author (b. 1949)
• 1998 – Consalvo Sanesi, Italian racing driver (b. 1911)
• 1999 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 2000 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)
• 2001 – Ahmed Sofa, Bangladeshi poet, author, and critic (b. 1943)
• 2002 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 2003 – Valerie Goulding, Irish activist and politician (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Francis Crick, English biologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Eugene Roche, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist and author (b. 1938)
• 2006 – Patrick Allen, Malawian-English actor (b. 1927)
• 2006 – David Gemmell, English author (b. 1948)
• 2007 – Karl Gotch, Belgian-American wrestler (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Jim LeRoy, American soldier and pilot (b. 1961)
• 2008 – Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer (b. 1977)
• 2009 – Reverend Ike, American minister (b. 1935)
• 2009 – Jim Johnson, American football player and coach (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Ivy Bean, English centenarian (b. 1905)
• 2010 – George P. Lee, American religious leader (b. 1943)
• 2011 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan general (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Adam Cullen, Australian painter (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1937)
• 2012 – William F. Milliken, Jr., American race car driver and engineer (b. 1911)
• 2013 – Mustafa Adrisi, Ugandan general and politician, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Eileen Brennan, American actress and singer (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Rita Reys, Dutch singer (b. 1924)
• 2013 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
• 2014 – Margot Adler, American journalist and author (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Alex Forbes, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Alakbar Mammadov, Azerbaijani footballer and manager (b. 1930)
• 2014 – James Shigeta, American actor and singer (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot, and navigator (b. 1921)