EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 22/7

[edit]

• 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
• 1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• 1209 – Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.
• 1298 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
• 1456 – Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire
• 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
• 1499 – Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
• 1587 – Colony of Roanoke: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
• 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
• 1706 – The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.
• 1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
• 1797 – Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.
• 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta: Outside Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
• 1894 – The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.
• 1916 – In San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade killing ten and injuring 40.
• 1934 – Outside Chicago's Biograph Theater, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
• 1937 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
• 1942 – Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
• 1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.
• 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland
• 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandate Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.
• 1951 – Dezik (Дезик) and Tsygan (Цыган, "Gypsy") are the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight.
• 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
• 1963 – Sarawak achieve independence.
• 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during the imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War.
• 1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
• 1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
• 1991 – Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested in Milwaukee after police discover human remains in his apartment.
• 1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
• 1993 – Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
• 1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
• 2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.
• 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.
• 2011 – Norway is the victim of twin terror attacks, the first being a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, the second being a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya.

Births[edit]

• 1210 – Joan of England, Queen of Scotland (d. 1238)
• 1478 – Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)
• 1510 – Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)
• 1535 – Catherine Stenbock, Swedish wife of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
• 1559 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest and saint (d. 1619)
• 1621 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1683)
• 1651 – Ferdinand Tobias Richter, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1711)
• 1702 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian oboe player composer (d. 1775)
• 1711 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German-Russian physicist (d. 1753)
• 1713 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect, designed the Panthéon (d. 1780)
• 1733 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and historian (d. 1790)
• 1755 – Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1839)
• 1784 – Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)
• 1839 – Jakob Hurt, Estonian theologist and linguist (d. 1907)
• 1844 – William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)
• 1848 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)
• 1849 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887)
• 1862 – Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet, Scottish fencer (d. 1931)
• 1863 – Alec Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1952)
• 1877 – Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian horse rider (d. 1963)
• 1878 – Janusz Korczak, Polish pediatrician and author (d. 1942)
• 1882 – Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
• 1884 – Odell Shepard, American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (d. 1967)
• 1886 – Hella Wuolijoki, Finnish author (d. 1954)
• 1887 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
• 1888 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist and academic (d. 1950)
• 1888 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-American biochemist and microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1889 – James Whale, English actor and director (d. 1957)
• 1890 – Rose Kennedy, American philanthropist (d. 1995)
• 1892 – Jack MacBryan, English cricketer and field hockey player (d. 1983)
• 1892 – Hjalmar Väre, Finnish cyclist (d. 1952)
• 1893 – Jesse Haines, American baseball player and coach (d. 1978)
• 1893 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990)
• 1895 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet, journalist, and diplomat (d. 1976)
• 1898 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet and author (d. 1943)
• 1898 – Alexander Calder, American sculptor (d. 1976)
• 1899 – Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland, longest ever reigning monarch (d. 1982)
• 1908 – Amy Vanderbilt, American author (d. 1974)
• 1909 – Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano and actress (d. 2014)
• 1909 – Dorino Serafini, Italian race car driver (d. 2000)
• 1913 – Gorni Kramer, Italian bassist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1995)
• 1915 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Indian-Pakistani politician and diplomat (d. 2000)
• 1916 – Gino Bianco, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
• 1921 – William V. Roth, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Alan Stephenson Boyd, American businessman and politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation
• 1922 – Dick Hoerner, American football player (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Mukesh, Indian singer and actor (d. 1976)
• 1923 – Bob Dole, American soldier and politician
• 1923 – César Fernández Ardavín, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
• 1923 – The Fabulous Moolah, American wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Margaret Whiting, American singer (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Joseph Sargent, American film director (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Bryan Forbes, English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Johan Ferner, Norwegian sailor (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Pierre Granier-Deferre, French director and screenwriter (d. 2007)
• 1928 – Orson Bean, American actor
• 1928 – Jimmy Hill, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
• 1929 – John Barber, English race car driver
• 1929 – Leonid Stolovich, Russian-Estonian philosopher and academic (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Neil Welliver, American painter (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Leo Labine, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Perry Lopez, American actor (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Oscar de la Renta, Dominican-American fashion designer (d. 2014)
• 1934 – Louise Fletcher, American actress
• 1936 – Harold Rhodes, English cricketer
• 1936 – Tom Robbins, American author
• 1937 – Chuck Jackson, American singer-songwriter (The Del-Vikings)
• 1937 – Yasuhiro Kojima, Japanese-American wrestler and manager (d. 1999)
• 1937 – Vasant Ranjane, Indian cricketer (d. 2011)
• 1939 – Gila Almagor, Israeli actress and author
• 1939 – Terence Stamp, English actor and singer
• 1940 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American game show host and producer
• 1941 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (The Ronettes) (d. 2009)
• 1941 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (d. 1975)
• 1941 – George Clinton, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Parliament-Funkadelic)
• 1942 – Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun, English-Australian politician (d. 2012)
• 1942 – Peter Habeler, Austrian mountaineer
• 1943 – Masaru Emoto, Japanese author and activist (d. 2014)
• 1943 – Kay Bailey Hutchison, American lawyer and politician
• 1943 – Bobby Sherman, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1944 – Anand Satyanand, New Zealand lawyer, judge, and politician, 19th Governor-General of New Zealand
• 1945 – Philip Cohen, English biochemist and academic
• 1946 – Danny Glover, American actor, director, and producer
• 1946 – Mireille Mathieu, French singer
• 1946 – Paul Schrader, American director and screenwriter
• 1946 – Paul-Loup Sulitzer, French author
• 1946 – Rolando Joven Tria Tirona, Filipino archbishop
• 1946 – Johnson Toribiong, Palauan lawyer and politician, 7th President of Palau
• 1947 – Albert Brooks, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician
• 1947 – Don Henley, American singer-songwriter and drummer (The Eagles)
• 1948 – S. E. Hinton, American author
• 1948 – Otto Waalkes, German actor, singer, director, and screenwriter
• 1949 – Alan Menken, American pianist and composer
• 1949 – Lasse Virén, Finnish runner
• 1951 – Patriarch Daniel of Romania
• 1951 – Marte Samson, Filipino basketball player
• 1953 – Priit Vilba, Estonian politician
• 1954 – Al Di Meola, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Return to Forever)
• 1954 – Steve LaTourette, American lawyer and politician
• 1954 – Pierre Lebeau, Canadian actor
• 1954 – Lonette McKee, American actress and singer
• 1955 – Willem Dafoe, American actor
• 1956 – Scott Sanderson, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1957 – Álvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (d. 2014)
• 1958 – Tatsunori Hara, Japanese baseball player and coach
• 1958 – David Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1984)
• 1959 – Grant Forsberg, American actor (d. 2007)
• 1960 – Barbara Cassani, American businesswoman
• 1960 – Jon Oliva, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Savatage, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, and Jon Oliva's Pain)
• 1961 – Keith Sweat, American singer-songwriter and producer (LSG)
• 1962 – Alvin Robertson, American basketball player
• 1963 – Emilio Butragueño, Spanish footballer
• 1963 – Rob Estes, American actor and director
• 1963 – Olivier Gourmet, Belgian actor
• 1963 – Emily Saliers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Indigo Girls)
• 1964 – Bonnie Langford, English actress and dancer
• 1964 – John Leguizamo, Colombian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – David Spade, American actor
• 1965 – Patrick Labyorteaux, American actor and screenwriter
• 1965 – Shawn Michaels, American wrestler
• 1965 – Richard B. Poore, New Zealand humanitarian
• 1965 – Doug Riesenberg, American football player and coach
• 1966 – Tim Brown, American football player and manager
• 1966 – Shaun Cohen, South African-American wrestler
• 1967 – Irene Bedard, American actress
• 1967 – Lauren Booth, English journalist
• 1968 – Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor and musician
• 1969 – Despina Vandi, German-Greek singer and actress
• 1970 – Jason Becker, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1970 – Devendra Fadnavis, Chief Minister of the Indian state of Maharashtra
• 1970 – Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Kristine Lilly, American soccer player
• 1972 – Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor, director, and producer
• 1972 – Keyshawn Johnson, American football player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Niclas Weiland, German footballer
• 1973 – Brian Chippendale, American drummer, artist (Lightning Bolt)
• 1973 – Rufus Wainwright, American-Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1974 – Sonija Kwok, Hong Kong-Canadian actress
• 1974 – Franka Potente, German actress and singer
• 1975 – Sam Jacobson, American basketball player
• 1976 – Kokia, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
• 1976 – Janek Tombak, Estonian cyclist
• 1976 – Nino Alejandro, Filipino singer
• 1977 – Ezio Galon, Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Ingo Hertzsch, German footballer
• 1977 – Gustavo Nery, Brazilian footballer
• 1978 – A. J. Cook, Canadian actress
• 1978 – Runako Morton, Nevisian cricketer (d. 2012)
• 1978 – Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer
• 1979 – Lucas Luhr, German race car driver
• 1979 – Yadel Martí, Cuban baseball player
• 1979 – James Mason, English wrestler
• 1980 – Tablo, South Korean-Canadian rapper, producer, and actor
• 1980 – Scott Dixon, New Zealand race car driver
• 1980 – Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
• 1980 – Kate Ryan, Belgian singer-songwriter
• 1981 – Fandango, American wrestler
• 1981 – Ala Ghawas, Bahraini singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Nuwan Kulasekara, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1982 – Anna Chicherova, Russian high jumper
• 1983 – Aldo de Nigris, Mexican footballer
• 1983 – Dries Devenyns, Belgian cyclist
• 1983 – Nikos Ganos, Greek singer and model
• 1983 – Clemens von Grumbkow, German rugby player
• 1983 – Arsenie Todiraș, Moldovan singer (O-Zone)
• 1983 – Sharni Vinson, Australian actress and model
• 1984 – Stewart Downing, English footballer
• 1985 – Takudzwa Ngwenya, Zimbabwean-American rugby player
• 1985 – Akira Tozawa, Japanese wrestler
• 1986 – Cilla Kung, Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1986 – Haruka Suenaga, Japanese actress and gravure idol
• 1987 – Ilja Glebov, Estonian figure skater
• 1987 – Charlotte Kalla, Swedish skier
• 1988 – Paul Coutts, Scottish footballer
• 1988 – Thomas Kraft, German footballer
• 1988 – Yuriko Yoshitaka, Japanese actress
• 1989 – Keegan Allen, American actor
• 1989 – Leandro Damião, Brazilian footballer
• 1991 – Matty James, English footballer
• 1992 – Selena Gomez, American actress and singer
• 1992 – Anja Aguilar, Filipino actress and singer
• 1992 – Junki Tozuka, Japanese actor
• 1993 – Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Chechen-American terrorist
• 1996 – Skyler Gisondo, American actor
• 1997 – Jane Oineza, Filipino actress
• 1998 – Madison Pettis, American actress
• 2002 – Prince Felix of Denmark
• 2013 – Prince George of Cambridge

Deaths[edit]

• 1362 – Louis, Count of Gravina (b. 1324)
• 1387 – Frans Ackerman, Flemish politician (b. 1330)
• 1461 – Charles VII of France (b. 1403)
• 1525 – Richard Wingfield, English courtier and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1426)
• 1540 – John Zápolya, Hungarian king (b. 1487)
• 1619 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest and saint (b. 1559)
• 1633 – Trijntje Keever, Dutch giant (b. 1616)
• 1645 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (b. 1587)
• 1676 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
• 1726 – Hugh Drysdale, English-American politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia
• 1734 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1669)
• 1789 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French politician (b. 1715)
• 1802 – Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771)
• 1824 – Thomas Macnamara Russell, English admiral
• 1826 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1746)
• 1832 – Napoleon II, French emperor (b. 1811)
• 1833 – Joseph Forlenze, Italian ophthalmologist and surgeon (b. 1757)
• 1852 – Auguste de Marmont, French general (b. 1774)
• 1864 – James B. McPherson, American general (b. 1828)
• 1869 – John A. Roebling, German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (b. 1806)
• 1902 – Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, Polish cardinal (b. 1822)
• 1903 – Cassius Marcellus Clay, American lawyer, publisher, and politician (b. 1810)
• 1908 – Randal Cremer, English politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)
• 1915 – Sandford Fleming, Scottish-Canadian engineer and inventor, developed Standard time (b. 1827)
• 1916 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet and author (b. 1849)
• 1918 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian lieutenant and pilot (b. 1898)
• 1920 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1849)
• 1922 – Jokichi Takamine, Japanese-American chemist (b. 1854)
• 1932 – J. Meade Falkner, English author and poet (b. 1858)
• 1932 – Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor (b. 1866)
• 1932 – Errico Malatesta, Italian activist and author (b. 1853)
• 1932 – Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., American actor and producer (b. 1867)
• 1934 – John Dillinger, American bank robber (b. 1903)
• 1940 – Albert Young, American boxer (b. 1877)
• 1950 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian politician, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
• 1958 – Mikhail Zoshchenko, Ukrainian-Russian author (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Carl Sandburg, American journalist and author (b. 1878)
• 1968 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist and cartoonist (b. 1908)
• 1974 – Wayne Morse, American lawyer and politician (b. 1900)
• 1979 – J. V. Cain, American football player (b. 1951)
• 1979 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1929)
• 1986 – Floyd Gottfredson, American cartoonist (b. 1905)
• 1986 – Ede Staal, Dutch singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
• 1989 – Martti Talvela, Finnish opera singer (b. 1935)
• 1990 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian author (b. 1932)
• 1992 – Wayne McLaren, American actor and stuntman (b. 1940)
• 1992 – David Wojnarowicz, American painter, photographer, and activist (b. 1954)
• 1995 – Harold Larwood, English cricketer (b. 1904)
• 1998 – Fritz Buchloh, German footballer and coach (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Hermann Prey, German opera singer (b. 1929)
• 2000 – Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Raymond Lemieux, Canadian chemist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Claude Sautet, French director and screenwriter (b. 1924)
• 2001 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)
• 2003 – Qusay Hussein, Iraqi politician, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1966)
• 2003 – Uday Hussein, Iraqi son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1964)
• 2003 – Wahome Mutahi, Kenyan journalist (b. 1954)
• 2004 – Sacha Distel, French singer and guitarist (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Ulrich Mühe, German actor (b. 1953)
• 2007 – László Kovács, Hungarian-American cinematographer and director (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Greg Burson, American voice actor (b. 1949)
• 2008 – Estelle Getty, American actress (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Peter Krieg, German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
• 2010 – Kenny Guinn, American banker and politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (b. 1936)
• 2011 – Linda Christian, Mexican actress (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Cees de Wolf, Dutch footballer (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Ding Guan'gen, Chinese politician (b. 1929)
• 2012 – George Armitage Miller, American psychologist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Oswaldo Payá, Cuban engineer and activist (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Frank Pierson, American director and screenwriter (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Bohdan Stupka, Ukrainian actor (b. 1941)
• 2013 – Dennis Farina, American actor (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Ali Maow Maalin, Somalian health worker (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Lawrie Reilly, Scottish footballer (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Chandrika Prasad Srivastava, Indian civil servant (b. 1920)