EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 19/4

[edit]

• 65 – The freedman Milichus betrayed Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
• 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Ar-Raqqah (northern Syria).
• 797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after Constantine dies of his wounds, and Irene proclaims herself basileus.
• 1012 – Martyrdom of Ælfheah in Greenwich, England.
• 1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
• 1539 – Charles V and Protestants signs Treaty of Frankfurt.
• 1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.
• 1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria (not actually born until 1717).
• 1770 – Captain James Cook sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.
• 1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.
• 1782 – John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.
• 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davoutat the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
• 1810 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
• 1839 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guaranteeing its neutrality.
• 1855 – Visit of Napoleon III to Guildhall, London
• 1861 – American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
• 1865 – Funeral service for Abraham Lincoln is held in the East Room of the White House.
• 1892 – Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• 1897 – Léo Taxil exposes his own fabrications concerning Freemasonry
• 1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
• 1919 – Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful voluntary free-fall parachute jump using a new kind of self-contained parachute.
• 1927 – Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
• 1928 – The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
• 1942 – World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
• 1943 – Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
• 1943 – World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
• 1948 – Burma joins the United Nations.
• 1950 – Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
• 1951 – General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
• 1954 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recognises Urdu and Bengali as the national languages of Pakistan.
• 1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
• 1960 – Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
• 1971 – Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
• 1971 – Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, D.C..
• 1971 – Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
• 1971 – Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted life imprisonment) for conspiracy to commit the Tate/LaBianca murders.
• 1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.
• 1975 – India's first satellite, Aryabhata, is launched.
• 1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
• 1985 – U.S.S.R performs nuclear tests at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk.
• 1985 – 200 ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the neo-Nazi survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas. The CSA surrenders two days later.
• 1987 – The Simpsons premieres as a short cartoon on The Tracey Ullman Show.
• 1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
• 1993 – The 51-day FBI siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
• 1993 – South Dakota governor George Mickelson and seven others are killed when a state-owned aircraft crashes in Iowa.
• 1995 – Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168.
• 1997 – The Red River Flood of 1997 overwhelms the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Fire breaks out and spreads in downtown Grand Forks, but high water levels hamper efforts to reach the fire, leading to the destruction of 11 buildings.
• 1999 – The German Bundestag returns to Berlin, the first German parliamentary body to meet there since the Reichstag was dissolved in 1933.
• 2011 – Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba's central committee after 45 years of holding the title.
• 2013 – Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is captured while hiding in a boat inside a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Births[edit]

• 626 – Eanflæd, English daughter of Edwin of Northumbria (d. 685)
• 1603 – Michel Le Tellier, French politician, French Minister of Defence (d. 1685)
• 1613 – Christoph Bach, German pianist (d. 1661)
• 1658 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, German husband of Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria (d. 1716)
• 1660 – Sebastián Durón, Spanish composer (d. 1716)
• 1665 – Jacques Lelong, French author (d. 1721)
• 1686 – Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (d. 1750)
• 1715 – James Nares, English organist and composer (d. 1783)
• 1721 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (d. 1793)
• 1734 – Karl von Ordóñez, Austrian composer (d. 1786)
• 1757 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, English admiral and politician (d. 1833)
• 1758 – William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk, Scottish admiral (d. 1831)
• 1785 – Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French pianist and composer (d. 1858)
• 1787 – Deaf Smith, American soldier (d. 1837)
• 1793 – Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
• 1814 – Louis Amédée Achard, French author (d. 1875)
• 1832 – José Echegaray, Spanish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
• 1835 – Julius Krohn, Finnish poet and journalist (d. 1888)
• 1874 – Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
• 1877 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American inventor, invented the outboard motor (d. 1934)
• 1879 – Arthur Robertson, Scottish runner (d. 1957)
• 1882 – Getúlio Vargas, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (d. 1954)
• 1883 – Henry Jameson, American soccer player (d. 1938)
• 1883 – Richard von Mises, Austrian-American mathematician and physicist (d. 1953)
• 1885 – Karl Tarvas, Estonian architect (d. 1975)
• 1889 – Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist and politician (d. 1946)
• 1891 – Françoise Rosay, French opera singer, diseuse, and actress (d. 1974)
• 1892 – Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
• 1894 – Elizabeth Dilling, American author and activist (d. 1966)
• 1897 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
• 1897 – Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese super-centenarian (d. 2013)
• 1897 – Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
• 1899 – George O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Cemal Tollu, Turkish painter (d. 1968)
• 1900 – Richard Hughes, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1976)
• 1900 – Roland Michener, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Governor General of Canada (d. 1991)
• 1902 – Veniamin Kaverin, Russian author (d. 1989)
• 1903 – Eliot Ness, American lawman (d. 1957)
• 1907 – Alan Wheatley, English actor (d. 1991)
• 1912 – Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
• 1913 – Ken Carpenter, American discus thrower (d. 1984)
• 1917 – Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Sol Kaplan, American composer (d. 1990)
• 1920 – Gene Leis, American guitarist, composer, and producer (d. 1993)
• 1920 – John O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Julien Ries, Belgian cardinal (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Anna Lee Aldred, American jockey (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal and theologian (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Erich Hartmann, German soldier and pilot (d. 1993)
• 1925 – John Kraaijkamp, Sr., Dutch actor (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Hugh O'Brian, American actor
• 1926 – Rawya Ateya, Egyptian politician (d. 1997)
• 1927 – Mr. Kenneth, American hairdresser (d. 2013)
• 1928 – John Horlock, English engineer and academic
• 1928 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Blues Incorporated and Collective Consciousness Society) (d. 1984)
• 1928 – Azlan Shah of Perak (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Ewan Jamieson, New Zealand air marshal (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Dick Sargent, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1931 – Garfield Morgan, English actor (d. 2009)
• 1931 – Walter Stewart, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2004)
• 1932 – Fernando Botero, Colombian painter and sculptor
• 1933 – Dickie Bird, English cricketer and umpire
• 1933 – Jayne Mansfield, American model, actress, and singer (d. 1967)
• 1933 – Philip Lavallin Wroughton, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire
• 1934 – Ox Baker, American wrestler and actor (d. 2014)
• 1934 – Dickie Goodman, American record producer (d. 1989)
• 1935 – Dudley Moore, English actor, screenwriter, and composer (d. 2002)
• 1935 – Justin Francis Rigali, American cardinal
• 1936 – Wilfried Martens, Belgian politician, 60th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Jack Pardee, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Antonio Carluccio, Italian-English chef and author
• 1937 – Elinor Donahue, American actress
• 1937 – Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor, producer, and politician, 13th President of the Philippines
• 1938 – Stanley Fish, American academic and scholar
• 1939 – E. Clay Shaw, Jr., American accountant and politician (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Dougal Haston, Scottish mountaineer (d. 1977)
• 1940 – Genya Ravan, American singer-songwriter and producer (Goldie & the Gingerbreads and Ten Wheel Drive)
• 1941 – Priit Aimla, Estonian author, poet, and playwright
• 1941 – Roberto Carlos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1941 – Michel Roux, French-English chef
• 1941 – Bobby Russell, American singer-songwriter (d. 1992)
• 1942 – Bas Jan Ader, Dutch-American photographer and director (d. 1975)
• 1942 – Alan Price, English keyboard player and songwriter (The Animals)
• 1942 – Jack Roush, American businessman, founded Roush Fenway Racing
• 1942 – Maarten van den Bergh, Dutch businessman
• 1943 – Eve Graham, Scottish singer (The New Seekers)
• 1943 – Margo MacDonald, Scottish politician (d. 2014)
• 1943 – Lorenzo Sanz, Spanish businessman
• 1944 – Keith Erickson, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1944 – James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1944 – Bernie Worrell, American keyboard player and songwriter (Parliament-Funkadelic, Praxis, and Colonel Claypool's Bucket of Bernie Brains)
• 1946 – Tim Curry, English actor and singer
• 1946 – Euphrosyne Doxiadis, Greek artist and writer
• 1946 – Mary Jo Slater, American casting director and producer
• 1946 – Duygu Asena, Turkish journalist, best-selling author and activist for women’s rights (d. 2006)
• 1947 – Murray Perahia, American pianist and conductor
• 1947 – Wilfrid Stevenson, Baron Stevenson of Balmacara, English civil servant
• 1947 – Yan Pascal Tortelier, French violinist and conductor
• 1947 – Mark Volman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Turtles, Flo & Eddie, and The Mothers of Invention)
• 1948 – Stuart McLean, Canadian radio host and author
• 1948 – Rick Miller, American baseball player and manager
• 1949 – Paloma Picasso, French-Spanish fashion designer
• 1949 – Larry Walters, American truck driver and pilot (d. 1993)
• 1950 – Julia Cleverdon, English businesswoman and philanthropist
• 1951 – Barry Brown, American actor and playwright (d. 1978)
• 1951 – Jóannes Eidesgaard, Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
• 1952 – Alexis Argüello, Nicaraguan boxer and politician (d. 2009)
• 1952 – Tony Plana, Cuban-American actor and director
• 1952 – Michael Trend, English politician
• 1953 – Rod Morgenstein, American drummer (Winger, Dixie Dregs, Platypus, and The Jelly Jam)
• 1953 – Sara Simeoni, Italian high jumper
• 1953 – Ruby Wax, American-English comedian and actress
• 1954 – Trevor Francis, English footballer and manager
• 1954 – Bob Rock, Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Payolas)
• 1956 – Sue Barker, English tennis player and journalist
• 1956 – Randy Carlyle, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1956 – Anne Glover, Scottish biologist and academic
• 1957 – Mukesh Ambani, Indian businessman
• 1957 – Tony Martin, English singer-songwriter (Black Sabbath, Giuntini Project, and Empire)
• 1958 – Steve Antin, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1958 – Denis O'Brien, Irish businessman, founded BT Ireland
• 1958 – Vytautas Šapranauskas, Lithuanian actor (d. 2013)
• 1959 – Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton, English activist
• 1959 – Donald Markwell, Australian sociologist and educator
• 1959 – Teofisto Guingona III, Filipino politician
• 1960 – Nicoletta Braschi, Italian actress and producer
• 1960 – Ara Gevorgyan, Armenian pianist, composer, and producer
• 1960 – Roger Merrett, Australian footballer and coach
• 1960 – John Schweitz, American basketball player and coach
• 1960 – Frank Viola, American baseball player and coach
• 1961 – Spike Owen, American baseball player and coach
• 1961 – Richard Phelps, English pentathlete
• 1961 – Albert Martinez, Filipino actor
• 1962 – Al Unser, Jr., American race car driver
• 1964 – Gordon Marshall, Scottish footballer and coach
• 1964 – Kim Weaver, American astrophysicist
• 1965 – Natalie Dessay, French soprano
• 1965 – Suge Knight, American record producer, co-founded Death Row Records
• 1966 – Véronique Gens, French soprano
• 1966 – Brett J. Gladman, Canadian astronomer and academic
• 1966 – David La Haye, Canadian actor
• 1966 – Julia Neigel, Russian-German singer-songwriter and producer
• 1966 – El Samurai, Japanese wrestler
• 1967 – Philippe Saint-André, French rugby player and coach
• 1967 – Steven H Silver, American journalist and author
• 1967 – Dar Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Cry Cry Cry)
• 1968 – Mswati III of Swaziland
• 1968 – Ashley Judd, American actress
• 1968 – Pascal Kleiman, Spanish DJ, producer, and songwriter
• 1968 – Arshad Warsi, Indian actor, singer, and producer
• 1969 – Andrew Carnie, Canadian-American educator and author
• 1969 – Jesse James, American motorcycle builder, founded West Coast Choppers
• 1969 – Susan Polgar, Hungarian-American chess player
• 1970 – Kelly Holmes, English middle distance athlete
• 1970 – Luis Miguel, Mexican singer-songwriter and producer
• 1971 – Gad Elmaleh, Moroccan-French comedian and actor
• 1971 – You Hee-yeol, South Korean singer-songwriter and host
• 1972 – Rivaldo, Brazilian footballer
• 1972 – Jeff Wilkins, American football player
• 1972 – Binnur Kaya, Turkish actress
• 1973 – George Gregan, Zambian-Australian rugby player and coach
• 1973 – Alessio Scarpi, Italian footballer
• 1974 – Akara Amarttayakul, Thai actor
• 1975 – Jason Gillespie, Australian cricketer and coach
• 1975 – Jussi Jääskeläinen, Finnish footballer
• 1976 – Ruud Jolie, Dutch guitarist (Within Temptation)
• 1976 – Scott Padgett, American basketball player, coach, and radio host
• 1976 – Kim Young-oh, South Korean author and illustrator
• 1977 – Joe Beimel, American baseball player
• 1977 – Anju Bobby George, Indian long jumper
• 1977 – Lucien Mettomo, Cameroonian footballer
• 1977 – Dennys Reyes, Mexican baseball player
• 1977 – Jonny Storm, English wrestler
• 1978 – James Franco, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1978 – Gabriel Heinze, Argentinian footballer
• 1978 – Amanda Sage, American-Austrian painter
• 1979 – Rocky Bernard, American football player
• 1979 – Kate Hudson, American actress and singer
• 1979 – Zhao Junzhe, Chinese footballer
• 1979 – Nicole Raczynski, American wrestler
• 1979 – Antoaneta Stefanova, Bulgarian chess player
• 1980 – Jason Blaine, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1980 – Robyn Regehr, Brazilian-Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Alexis Thorpe, American actress
• 1981 – Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor
• 1981 – Ryuta Hara, Japanese footballer
• 1981 – Martin Havlát, Czech ice hockey player
• 1981 – Kasie Head, American model, Miss Oklahoma USA 2002
• 1981 – James Hibberd, English cricketer
• 1981 – Napakpapha Nakprasitte, Thai actress
• 1981 – Troy Polamalu, American football player
• 1981 – Catalina Sandino Moreno, Colombian actress
• 1982 – Joseph Hagerty, American gymnast
• 1982 – Filip Jícha, Czech handballer
• 1982 – Samuel C. Morrison, Jr., Liberian entrepreneur
• 1982 – Rocco Sabato, Italian footballer
• 1982 – Ignacio Serricchio, Argentinian-American actor
• 1982 – Sitiveni Sivivatu, New Zealand rugby player
• 1983 – Alberto Callaspo, Venezuelan-American baseball player
• 1983 – Zach Duke, American baseball player
• 1983 – Joe Mauer, American baseball player
• 1983 – Patrick Platins, German footballer
• 1983 – Curtis Thigpen, American baseball player
• 1984 – Lee Da-hae, South Korean actress
• 1984 – Christopher Pearce, English cricketer
• 1985 – Valon Behrami, Swiss footballer
• 1985 – Jan Zimmermann, German footballer
• 1986 – Maxine, American wrestler and model
• 1986 – Pascal Angan, Beninese footballer
• 1986 – Heather Kuzmich, American model
• 1986 – Zhou Mi, Chinese singer-songwriter and actor (Super Junior-M and SM the Ballad)
• 1986 – Candace Parker, American basketball player
• 1986 – Gabe Pruitt, American basketball player
• 1986 – Will Thursfield, English-Australian footballer
• 1987 – Oksana Akinshina, Russian actress
• 1987 – David Cavazos, Mexican singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Luigi Giorgi, Italian footballer
• 1987 – Joe Hart, English footballer
• 1987 – Courtland Mead, American actor
• 1987 – Daniel Schuhmacher, German singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player
• 1987 – Lauren Wilson, Canadian figure skater
• 1988 – Enrique Esqueda, Mexican footballer
• 1988 – Haruna Kojima, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48 and no3b)
• 1988 – Saya Yūki, Japanese actress
• 1989 – Dominik Mader, German footballer
• 1989 – Kristen O'Connor, American singer and guitarist
• 1989 – Belinda Owusu, English actress
• 1989 – Daisuke Watabe, Japanese footballer
• 1990 – Himchan, South Korean singer and dancer (B.A.P)
• 1990 – Jackie Bradley, Jr., American baseball player
• 1990 – Kim Chiu, Filipino actress
• 1990 – Héctor Miguel Herrera, Mexican footballer
• 1990 – Damien Le Tallec, French footballer
• 1990 – Teo Olivares, American actor
• 1990 – Patrick Wiegers, German footballer
• 1990 – Gretchen Ho, Filipino volleyball player and host
• 1991 – Steve Cook, English footballer
• 1991 – Kelly Olynyk, Canadian basketball player
• 1992 – Paul-Jose M'Poku, Belgian footballer
• 1993 – Sebastian de Souza, English actor
• 1994 – Lee Areum, South Korean singer (T-ara and T-ara N4)
• 1995 – Akira Saitō, Japanese actress