EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 7/7

[edit]

• 1124 – Tyre falls to the Crusaders.
• 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
• 1520 – Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba.
• 1534 – European colonization of the Americas: First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in New Brunswick.
• 1543 – French troops invade Luxembourg.
• 1575 – Raid of the Redeswire, the last major battle between England and Scotland.
• 1585 – The Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.
• 1770 – The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
• 1798 – As a result of the XYZ Affair, the U.S. Congress rescinds the Treaty of Alliance with France sparking the "Quasi-War".
• 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1834 – In New York City, four nights of rioting against abolitionists began.
• 1846 – Mexican–American War: American troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the U.S. acquisition of California.
• 1863 – United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Four conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
• 1892 – Katipunan: The Revolutionary Philippine Brotherhood is established, contributing to the fall of the Spanish Empire in Asia.
• 1898 – U.S. President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
• 1907 – Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. staged his first Follies on the roof of the New York Theater in New York City.
• 1911 – The United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
• 1915 – World War I: End of First Battle of the Isonzo.
• 1915 – An International Railway trolley with an extreme overload of 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, killing 15.
• 1915 – Militia officer Henry Pedris executed by firing squad at Colombo, Ceylon - an act widely regarded as a miscarriage of justice by the British colonial authorities.
• 1928 – Sliced bread is sold for the first time (on the inventor's 48th birthday) by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.
• 1930 – Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
• 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge: Japanese forces invade Beijing, China.
• 1941 – World War II: U.S. forces land in Iceland, taking over from an earlier British occupation.
• 1941 – World War II: Beirut is occupied by Free France and British troops.
• 1944 – World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.
• 1946 – Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
• 1946 – Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
• 1947 – The Roswell incident, the (supposed) crash of an alien spaceship near Roswell in New Mexico.
• 1952 – The ocean liner SS United States passes Bishop Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.
• 1953 – Ernesto "Che" Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.
• 1954 – Elvis Presley makes his radio debut when WHBQ Memphis played his first recording for Sun Records, "That's All Right."
• 1956 – Fritz Moravec and two other Austrian mountaineers make the first ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035 m).
• 1958 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.
• 1959 – Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
• 1963 – Buddhist crisis: The police of Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of President Ngô Đình Diệm, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest.
• 1978 – The Solomon Islands becomes independent from the United Kingdom
• 1980 – Institution of sharia in Iran.
• 1980 – During the Lebanese Civil War, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.
• 1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1983 – Cold War: Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov.
• 1985 – Boris Becker becomes the youngest player ever to win Wimbledon at age 17
• 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Brioni Agreement ends the ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.
• 2003 – NASA Opportunity rover, MER-B or Mars Exploration Rover–B, was launched into space aboard a Delta II rocket.
• 2005 – A series of four explosions occurs on London's transport system killing 56 people including four suicide bombers and injuring over 700 others.

Births[edit]

• 1053 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
• 1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
• 1207 – Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231)
• 1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590)
• 1586 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland (d. 1646)
• 1656 – Guru Har Krishan, Indian 8th Sikh Gurus (d. 1664)
• 1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French merchant, invented the Jacquard loom (d. 1834)
• 1766 – Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (d. 1815)
• 1833 – Félicien Rops, Belgian painter and illustrator (d. 1898)
• 1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
• 1846 – Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian physician and author (d. 1916)
• 1848 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919)
• 1851 – Charles Albert Tindley, American minister and composer (d. 1933)
• 1855 – Ludwig Ganghofer, German author and playwright (d. 1920)
• 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1911)
• 1874 – Erwin Bumke, Polish-German jurist (d. 1945)
• 1880 – Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented sliced bread (d. 1960)
• 1884 – Toivo Kuula, Finnish conductor and composer (d. 1918)
• 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German author and playwright (d. 1958)
• 1891 – Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general (d. 1945)
• 1891 – Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921)
• 1893 – Herbert Feis, American historian and author (d. 1972)
• 1893 – Miroslav Krleža, Croatian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Arnold Horween, American football player and coach (d. 1985)
• 1899 – George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
• 1900 – Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)
• 1901 – Esther Brunauer, U. S. government civil servant (d. 1959)
• 1901 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973)
• 1901 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer and producer (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Ralph Tarrant, English super-centenarian (d. 2013)
• 1902 – Ted Radcliffe, American baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1904 – Simone Beck, French chef and author (d. 1991)
• 1906 – William Feller, Croatian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1970)
• 1906 – Anna Marie Hahn, German-American serial killer (d. 1938)
• 1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer (d. 1985)
• 1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American author and screenwriter (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Revilo P. Oliver, American author and academic (d. 1994)
• 1910 – Doris McCarthy, Canadian painter (d. 2010)
• 1911 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (d. 2005)
• 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-American composer (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American singer and pianist (d. 2011)
• 1915 – Margaret Walker, American author and poet (d. 1998)
• 1917 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández, Salvadoran general and politician, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
• 1917 – Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2014)
• 1919 – Hugh East, Baseball pitcher (d. 1981)
• 1919 – Jon Pertwee, English actor (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
• 1921 – Adolf von Thadden, German politician (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Liviu Ciulei, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Natalia Bekhtereva, Russian neuroscientist and psychologist (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
• 1924 – Eddie Romero, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Abdul Razak Abdul Hamid, Malaysian academic (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Gely Korzhev, Russian painter (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Alan J. Dixon, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State (d. 2014)
• 1927 – Charlie Louvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Louvin Brothers) (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Doc Severinsen, American trumpet player (The Tonight Show Band)
• 1929 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (d. 2005)
• 1930 – Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author
• 1930 – Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
• 1930 – Hank Mobley, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1986)
• 1931 – David Eddings, American author (d. 2009)
• 1932 – T. J. Bass, American physician and author (d. 2011)
• 1932 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian-American keyboard player and composer (Weather Report) (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner
• 1933 – David McCullough, American historian and author
• 1936 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Jo Siffert, Swiss race car driver (d. 1971)
• 1936 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1937 – Tung Chee Hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 1st Chief Executive of Hong Kong
• 1938 – James Montgomery Boice, American pastor and theologian, (d. 2000)
• 1939 – Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015)
• 1940 – Ringo Starr, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor (The Beatles, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, and Plastic Ono Band)
• 1941 – Marco Bollesan, Italian rugby player and coach
• 1941 – Nancy Farmer, American author
• 1941 – Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne, Welsh politician and former leader of the Conservative Party (UK)
• 1941 – Bill Oddie, English comedian, actor, and singer
• 1942 – Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
• 1943 – Toto Cutugno, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Joel Siegel, American journalist and critic (d. 2007)
• 1944 – Tony Jacklin, English golfer and sportscaster
• 1944 – Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead, English educator and politician
• 1944 – Emanuel Steward, American boxer and trainer (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Ian Wilmut, English-Scottish embryologist and academic
• 1945 – Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician, 13th Marquess of Lothian, Baron Kerr of Monteviot
• 1945 – Adele Goldberg, American computer scientist
• 1945 – Matti Salminen, Finnish opera singer
• 1946 – Joe Spano, American actor
• 1947 – David Hodo, American singer and actor (Village People)
• 1947 – Víctor Manuel, Spanish singer-songwriter
• 1947 – Gyanendra of Nepal
• 1947 – Howard Rheingold, American author and critic
• 1947 – Felix Standaert, Belgian diplomat
• 1948 – Jean Leclerc, Canadian actor
• 1948 – Alison Wilding, English sculptor
• 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress, singer, and producer
• 1951 – Tom Fox, American activist (d. 2006)
• 1952 – Mando Guerrero, Mexican-American wrestler and stuntman
• 1954 – Sandy Johnson, American model and actress
• 1954 – Rami Fortis, Israeli singer (Minimal Compact)
• 1957 – Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
• 1957 – Berry Sakharof, Turkish-Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist (Minimal Compact)
• 1958 – Michala Petri, Danish recorder player
• 1958 – Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
• 1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor
• 1959 – Kerstin Knabe, German hurdler
• 1959 – Ben Linder, American engineer (d. 1987)
• 1960 – Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
• 1960 – Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
• 1961 – Eric Jerome Dickey, American author and poet
• 1962 – Sırrı Süreyya Önder, Turkish film director, actor, screenwriter, columnist and politician
• 1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1964 – Jennifer Gibney, Irish actress
• 1965 – Mo Collins, American actress
• 1965 – Paula Devicq, Canadian actress
• 1965 – Jeremy Guscott, English rugby player and sportscaster
• 1965 – Jeremy Kyle, English talk show host
• 1966 – Jim Gaffigan, American comedian and actor
• 1966 – Gundula Krause, German-American violinist
• 1967 – Tom Kristensen, Danish race car driver
• 1968 – Amy Carlson, American actress
• 1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress
• 1968 – Jeff VanderMeer, American author and educator
• 1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger
• 1969 – Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1970 – Robia LaMorte, American actress and dancer
• 1970 – Wayne McCullough, Irish boxer
• 1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist
• 1971 – Christian Camargo, American actor
• 1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player and actress
• 1972 – Manfred Stohl, Austrian race car driver
• 1972 – Kirsten Vangsness, American actress
• 1973 – Troy Garity, American actor
• 1973 – José Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
• 1973 – Kailash Kher, Indian singer-songwriter and director
• 1973 – Tina Paulino, Mozambican runner
• 1973 – Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
• 1973 – Natsuki Takaya, Japanese illustrator
• 1974 – Patrick Lalime, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1975 – Tony Benshoof, American luger
• 1975 – Adam Nelson, American shot putter
• 1975 – Michael Voss, Australian footballer and coach
• 1976 – Dominic Foley, Irish footballer
• 1976 – Bérénice Bejo, Argentinian-French actress
• 1976 – Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
• 1976 – Ercüment Olgundeniz, Turkish track and field athlete competing in the discus and occasionally shot put
• 1978 – Chris Andersen, American basketball player
• 1978 – Davor Kraljević, Croatian footballer
• 1979 – Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad Arbaysh, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2015)
• 1979 – Anastasios Gousis, Greek sprinter
• 1980 – John Buck, American baseball player
• 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
• 1980 – Serdar Kulbilge, Turkish footballer
• 1981 – Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
• 1982 – Cassidy, American rapper, producer, and actor (Larsiny Family)
• 1982 – Mike Glita, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and drummer (Senses Fail and Tokyo Rose)
• 1982 – Jan Laštůvka, Czech footballer
• 1982 – George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
• 1983 – Justin Davies, Australian footballer
• 1984 – Marie-Mai, Canadian singer
• 1984 – Minas Alozidis, Greek hurdler
• 1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1985 – Marc Stein, German footballer
• 1986 – Shweta Pandit, Indian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1986 – Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
• 1986 – Udo Schwarz, German rugby player
• 1987 – Julianna Guill, American actress
• 1987 – Lena Ma, Chinese-Canadian model, Miss World Canada 2009
• 1988 – Kaci Brown, American singer-songwriter
• 1988 – Lukas Rosenthal, German rugby player
• 1988 – Ilan Rubin, American drummer (Angels & Airwaves, Nine Inch Nails, Lostprophets, Denver Harbor, and Fenix TX)
• 1989 – Bii, Taiwanese singer
• 1989 – Kim Bum, South Korean actor and singer
• 1989 – Karl-August Tiirmaa, Estonian Nordic combined skier
• 1990 – Lee Addy, Ghanaian footballer
• 1990 – Pascal Stöger, Austrian footballer
• 1991 – Alesso, Swedish DJ and producer
• 1992 – Toni Garrn, German model
• 1996 – Frank Liivak, Estonian footballer
• 1997 – Erina Ikuta, Japanese singer and actress (Morning Musume)
• 1998 – Dylan Sprayberry, American actor
• 2000 – Princess Purnika of Nepal

Deaths[edit]

• 1304 – Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
• 1307 – Edward I of England (b. 1239)
• 1537 – Madeleine of Valois (b. 1520)
• 1572 – Sigismund II Augustus, Polish king (b. 1520)
• 1573 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect, designed the Church of the Gesu and Villa Farnese (b. 1507)
• 1593 – Mohammed Bagayogo, Malian scholar and academic (b. 1523)
• 1647 – Thomas Hooker, English minister, founded the Colony of Connecticut (b. 1586)
• 1701 – William Stoughton, American judge and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1631)
• 1713 – Henry Compton, English bishop (b. 1632)
• 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1690)
• 1730 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate (b. 1690)
• 1764 – William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician, Secretary at War (b. 1683)
• 1776 – Jeremiah Markland, English scholar and academic (b. 1693)
• 1790 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
• 1816 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and poet (b. 1751)
• 1865 – conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
  • – George Atzerodt (b. 1833)
  • – David Herold (b. 1842)
  • – Lewis Payne (b. 1844)
  • – Mary Surratt (b. 1823)
• 1890 – Henri Nestlé, German businessman, founded Nestlé (b. 1814)
• 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
• 1913 – Edward Burd Grubb, Jr., American general (b. 1841)
• 1922 – Cathal Brugha, Irish soldier and politician, 1st President of Dáil Éireann (b. 1874)
• 1925 – Clarence Hudson White American photographer and educator (b. 1871)
• 1927 – Émile Coste, French fencer (b. 1862)
• 1927 – Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician and academic (b. 1846)
• 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish physician and author, created Sherlock Holmes (b. 1859)
• 1932 – Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880)
• 1937 – Nikolajs Švedrēvics, Latvian javelin thrower (b. 1891)
• 1942 – Thomas Xenakis, Greek gymnast (b. 1875)
• 1949 – Bunk Johnson, American trumpet player (b. 1879)
• 1950 – Fats Navarro, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1923)
• 1955 – Ali Naci Karacan, Turkish journalist and publisher (b. 1896)
• 1956 – Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886)
• 1960 – Francis Browne, Irish photographer (b. 1880)
• 1964 – Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower (b. 1904)
• 1965 – Moshe Sharett, Ukrainian-Israeli politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
• 1968 – Jo Schlesser, French race car driver (b. 1928)
• 1971 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian poet and playwright (b. 1925)
• 1971 – Ub Iwerks, American animator and director (b. 1901)
• 1972 – Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886)
• 1972 – Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
• 1973 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
• 1973 – Veronica Lake, American actress and singer (b. 1919)
• 1975 – Ruffian, American race horse (b. 1972)
• 1978 – Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933)
• 1980 – Dore Schary, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
• 1981 – Peace Pilgrim, American mystic and activist (b. 1908)
• 1984 – Alexander Fu Sheng, Hong Kong actor (b. 1954)
• 1984 – George Oppen, American poet (b. 1908)
• 1984 – Charlie Howard, hate crime victim (b. 1961)
• 1987 – Hannelore Schroth, German actress (b. 1922)
• 1990 – Cazuza, Brazilian singer-songwriter (Barão Vermelho) (b. 1958)
• 1993 – Mia Zapata, American singer-songwriter (The Gits) (b. 1965)
• 1993 – Rıfat Ilgaz, Turkish teacher, poet and writer (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
• 1994 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola, Nigerian businessman and politician (b. 1937)
• 1999 – Vikram Batra, Indian soldier (b. 1974)
• 2001 – Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936)
• 2003 – Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian conductor (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Vlado Kristl, Croatian painter, animator, and director (b. 1923)
• 2006 – Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Pink Floyd and Stars) (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
• 2006 – John Money, New Zealand-American psychologist and author (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Bruce Conner, American sculptor, painter, and photographer (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917)
• 2011 – Allan W. Eckert, American historian and author (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Ronaldo Cunha Lima, Brazilian poet and politician (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Mouss Diouf, Senegalese-French actor (b. 1964)
• 2012 – Doug McKay, Australian public servant (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (b. 1962)
• 2014 – Lammtarra, American race horse (b. 1992)
• 2014 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Dick Jones, American actor and singer (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgian general and politician, 2nd President of Georgia (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Bora Todorović, Serbian actor and singer (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Peter Underwood, Australian lawyer and politician, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937)