EVENTS OF THIS DAY IN THE PAST 5/7

[edit]

• 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius
• 1295 – Scotland and France form an alliance, the so-called "Auld Alliance", against England.
• 1316 – The Burgundian and Majorcan claimants of the Principality of Achaea meet in the Battle of Manolada
• 1594 – Portuguese forces under the command of Pedro Lopes de Sousa begins an unsuccessful invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy during the Campaign of Danture in Sri Lanka.
• 1610 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
• 1687 – Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
• 1770 – The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins.
• 1775 – The Second Continental Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition.
• 1803 – The Convention of Artlenburg is signed, leading to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).
• 1809 – The largest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of Wagram is fought between the French and Austrian Empires.
• 1811 – Venezuela declares independence from Spain.
• 1813 – War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York commence.
• 1814 – War of 1812: Battle of Chippawa – American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario.
• 1833 – Lê Văn Khôi along with 27 soldiers stage a mutiny taking over the Phiên An citadel, developing into the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng.
• 1833 – Admiral Charles Napier vanquishes the navy of the Portuguese usurper Dom Miguel at the third Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
• 1841 – Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough
• 1878 – The coat of arms of the Baku Governorate is established.
• 1884 – Germany takes possession of Cameroon.
• 1915 – The Liberty Bell leaves Philadelphia by special train on its way to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. This is the last trip outside Philadelphia that the custodians of the bell intend to permit.
• 1934 – "Bloody Thursday" – Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco.
• 1935 – The National Labor Relations Act, which governs labor relations in the United States, is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
• 1937 – Spam, the luncheon meat, is introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation.
• 1940 – World War II: The United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations.
• 1941 – World War II: Operation Barbarossa: German troops reach the Dnieper River.
• 1943 – World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails for Sicily (Operation Husky, July 10, 1943).
• 1943 – World War II: German forces begin a massive offensive against the Soviet Union at the Battle of Kursk, also known as Operation Citadel.
• 1945 – World War II: The liberation of the Philippines is declared.
• 1946 – The bikini goes on sale after debuting during an outdoor fashion show at the Molitor Pool in Paris, France.
• 1948 – National Health Service Acts creates the national public health systems in the United Kingdom.
• 1950 – Korean War: Task Force Smith: American and North Korean forces first clash, in the Battle of Osan.
• 1950 – Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.
• 1954 – The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.
• 1954 – The Andhra Pradesh High Court was established.
• 1954 – Elvis Presley records his first single, "That's All Right," at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee.
• 1962 – Algeria becomes independent from France.
• 1971 – Right to vote: The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years, is formally certified by President Richard Nixon.
• 1973 – A BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills eleven firefighters.
• 1975 – Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles title.
• 1975 – Cape Verde gains its independence from Portugal.
• 1977 – Military coup in Pakistan: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, is overthrown.
• 1980 - Swedish tennis player Björn Borg won his fifth Wimbledon final and became the first male tennis player to win the championships five times in a row (1976-1980).
• 1987 – The LTTE uses suicide attacks on the Sri Lankan Army for the first time. The Black Tigers were born and, in the following years, continued to kill with the tactic.
• 1989 – Iran–Contra affair: Oliver North is sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines and 1,200 hours community service. His convictions were later overturned.
• 1995 – The Republic of Armenia adopts its constitution, four years after its independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1996 – Dolly the sheep becomes the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.
• 1999 – Wolverhampton, England is hit by storms, including a tornado. The area was hit again with severe storms on August 1.
• 1999 – U.S. President Bill Clinton imposes trade and economic sanctions against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
• 2004 – The first Indonesian presidential election is held.
• 2006 – North Korea tests four short-range missiles, one medium-range missile and a long-range Taepodong-2. The long-range Taepodong-2 reportedly failed in mid-air over the Sea of Japan.
• 2009 – A series of violent riots break out in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China.
• 2009 – The largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever discovered, consisting of more than 1,500 items, is found near the village of Hammerwich, near Lichfield, in Staffordshire, England.
• 2012 – The Shard in London is inaugurated as the tallest building in Europe, with a height of 310 metres (1,020 ft).

Births[edit]

• 465 – Ahkal Mo' Naab' I, Mayan ruler (d. 524)
• 980 – Mokjong of Goryeo, King of Korea (d. 1009)
• 1029 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Egyptian Caliph (d. 1094)
• 1321 – Joan of The Tower, Scottish wife of David II of Scotland (d. 1362)
• 1466 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiero, lord of Pesaro and Gradara (d. 1510)
• 1547 – Garzia de' Medici, Tuscan son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1562)
• 1549 – Francesco Maria del Monte, Italian cardinal (d. 1627)
• 1554 – Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (d. 1592)
• 1586 – Thomas Hooker, English-American settler, founded the Colony of Connecticut (d. 1647)
• 1653 – Thomas Pitt, English businessman and politician (d. 1726)
• 1670 – Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg (d. 1748)
• 1675 – Mary Walcott, American witness at the Salem witch trials (d. 1719)
• 1709 – Étienne de Silhouette, French Controller-General of Finances (d. 1767)
• 1717 – Peter III of Portugal (d. 1786)
• 1718 – Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1794)
• 1745 – Carl Arnold Kortum, German physician (d. 1824)
• 1755 – Sarah Siddons, Welsh-English actress (d. 1831)
• 1780 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (d. 1838)
• 1793 – Pavel Pestel, Russian soldier (d. 1826)
• 1794 – Sylvester Graham, American minister and activist (d. 1851)
• 1801 – David Farragut, American admiral (d. 1870)
• 1802 – Pavel Nakhimov, Russian admiral (d. 1855)
• 1805 – Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte, English-American son of Jérôme Bonaparte (d. 1870)
• 1805 – Robert FitzRoy, English captain, meteorologist, and politician, 2nd Governor of New Zealand (d. 1865)
• 1810 – P. T. Barnum, American businessman, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (d. 1891)
• 1820 – William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish physicist, mathematician, and engineer (d. 1872)
• 1829 – Ignacio Mariscal, Mexican politician and diplomat, Secretary of Foreign Affairs for Mexico (d. 1910)
• 1832 – Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter and educator (d. 1919)
• 1841 – William Collins Whitney, American financier and politician, 31st United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1904)
• 1849 – William Thomas Stead, English journalist (d. 1912)
• 1853 – Cecil Rhodes, English-South African businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (d. 1902)
• 1857 – Clara Zetkin, German theorist and activist (d. 1933)
• 1860 – Robert Bacon, American colonel and politician, 39th United States Secretary of State (d. 1919)
• 1872 – Édouard Herriot, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1957)
• 1874 – Eugen Fischer, German physician and academic (d. 1967)
• 1879 – Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player and politician, 49th United States Secretary of War (d. 1945)
• 1879 – Wanda Landowska, Polish-French harpsichord player (d. 1959)
• 1880 – Jan Kubelík, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1940)
• 1880 – Constantin Tănase, Romanian actor and playwright (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Inayat Khan, Indian mystic and educator (d. 1927)
• 1883 – Gustave Lanctot, Canadian historian, author, and academic (d. 1975)
• 1885 – Blas Infante, Spanish historian and politician (d. 1936)
• 1885 – André Lhote, French sculptor and painter (d. 1962)
• 1886 – Willem Drees, Dutch accountant and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1988)
• 1888 – Herbert Spencer Gasser, American physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1963)
• 1888 – Louise Freeland Jenkins, American astronomer (d. 1970)
• 1889 – Jean Cocteau, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1963)
• 1891 – John Howard Northrop, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• 1891 – Tin Ujević, Croatian poet (d. 1955)
• 1894 – Ants Lauter, Estonian actor and director (d. 1973)
• 1895 – Gordon Jacob, English composer (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Georgios Grivas, Greek general (d. 1974)
• 1899 – Marcel Achard, French playwright, screenwriter, and author (d. 1974)
• 1900 – Yoshimaro Yamashina, Japanese ornithologist, founded the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology (d. 1989)
• 1902 – Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., American colonel and politician, 3rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 1985)
• 1904 – Harold Acton, English scholar and author (d. 1994)
• 1904 – Ernst Mayr, German-American biologist and ornithologist (d. 2005)
• 1904 – Milburn Stone, American actor (d. 1980)
• 1910 – Georges Vedel, French lawyer and academic (d. 2002)
• 1911 – Endel Aruja, Estonian-Canadian physicist (d. 2008)
• 1911 – Haydn Bunton Sr, Australian rules footballer (d. 1955)
• 1911 – Giorgio Borġ Olivier, Maltese lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1980)
• 1911 – Georges Pompidou, French politician, 19th President of France (d. 1974)
• 1913 – George Costakis, Russian art collector (d. 1990)
• 1913 – Smiley Lewis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1966)
• 1914 – Annie Fischer, Hungarian classical pianist (d. 1995)
• 1914 – Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress and singer (d. 2009)
• 1915 – John Woodruff, American runner (d. 2007)
• 1918 – K. Karunakaran, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of Kerala (d. 2010)
• 1918 – René Lecavalier, Canadian sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1918 – Zakaria Mohieddin, Egyptian general and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2012)
• 1918 – George Rochberg, American composer and educator (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Mary Louise Hancock, American politician
• 1921 – Viktor Kulikov, Russian marshal (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Nanos Valaoritis, Greek writer
• 1924 – Niels Jannasch, German-Canadian historian (d. 2001)
• 1924 – János Starker, Hungarian-American cellist and educator (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Fernando de Szyszlo, Peruvian painter and sculptor
• 1925 – Jean Raspail, French author and explorer
• 1928 – Pierre Mauroy, French educator and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Warren Oates, American actor (d. 1982)
• 1929 – Katherine Helmond, American actress and director
• 1929 – Jovan Rašković, Croatian Serb psychiatrist, academic and politician (d. 1992)
• 1929 – Jiří Reynek, Czech poet and graphic artist (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Chikao Ōtsuka, Japanese actor and voice actor (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Ismail Mahomed, South African lawyer and politician, 17th Chief Justice of South Africa (d. 2000)
• 1932 – Gyula Horn, Hungarian politician, 37th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Tom Krause, Finnish operatic bass-baritone (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Shirley Knight, American actress
• 1936 – James Mirrlees, Scottish economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1940 – Chuck Close, American painter and photographer
• 1942 – Matthias Bamert, Swiss composer and conductor
• 1942 – Hannes Löhr, German footballer, coach, and manager
• 1943 – Curt Blefary, American baseball player and coach (d. 2001)
• 1943 – Robbie Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (The Band)
• 1945 – Michael Blake, American author and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1945 – Humberto Benítez Treviño, Mexican lawyer and politician, Attorney General of México
• 1946 – Pierre-Marc Johnson, Canadian lawyer, physician, and politician, 24th Premier of Quebec
• 1946 – Paul Smith, English fashion designer
• 1946 – Gerard 't Hooft, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1946 – Vladimir Mikhailovich Zakharov, Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 2013)
• 1947 – Todd Akin, American soldier, engineer, and politician
• 1948 – William Hootkins, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1949 – Ludwig G. Strauss, German physician and academic (d. 2013)
• 1950 – Huey Lewis, American singer-songwriter and actor (Huey Lewis and the News and Clover)
• 1951 – Keiko Fuji, Japanese singer and actress (d. 2013)
• 1951 – Roger Wicker, American colonel, lawyer, and politician
• 1954 – Leni Björklund, Swedish politician, 28th Minister of Defence for Sweden
• 1954 – Jimmy Crespo, American guitarist and songwriter (Aerosmith and Stress)
• 1954 – Elżbieta Pierzchała, Polish politician
• 1955 – Peter McNamara, Australian tennis player and coach
• 1956 – Horacio Cartes, Paraguayan politician, President of Paraguay
• 1957 – Carlo Thränhardt, German high jumper
• 1957 – Doug Wilson, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager
• 1958 – Bill Watterson, American author and illustrator
• 1959 – Marc Cohn, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1960 – Pruitt Taylor Vince, American actor
• 1962 – Sarina Hülsenbeck, German swimmer
• 1962 – Amrozi bin Nurhasyim, Indonesian terrorist (d. 2008)
• 1963 – Edie Falco, American actress
• 1964 – Ronald D. Moore, American screenwriter and producer
• 1965 – Kathryn Erbe, American actress
• 1965 – Eyran Katsenelenbogen, Israeli pianist
• 1966 – Gianfranco Zola, Italian footballer and coach
• 1967 – Vinod Raj, Indian actor, singer, and dancer
• 1968 – Ken Akamatsu, Japanese illustrator
• 1968 – Kenji Ito, Japanese composer
• 1968 – Hedi Slimane, French fashion designer
• 1968 – Alex Zülle, Swiss cyclist
• 1968 – Michael Stuhlbarg, American actor
• 1969 – Jenji Kohan, American screenwriter and producer
• 1969 – Armin Kõomägi, Estonian author and screenwriter
• 1969 – John LeClair, American ice hockey player
• 1970 – Mac Dre, American rapper and producer, founded Thizz Entertainment (d. 2004)
• 1970 – Valentí Massana, Spanish race walker
• 1971 – Derek McInnes, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1972 – Matthew Birir, Kenyan runner
• 1972 – Robert Esmie, Canadian sprinter
• 1973 – Marcus Allbäck, Swedish footballer and coach
• 1973 – Bengt Lagerberg, Swedish drummer (The Cardigans)
• 1973 – Róisín Murphy, Irish singer-songwriter and producer (Moloko)
• 1973 – Alexander Radčenko, Czech handball player
• 1973 – René Spies, German bobsledder
• 1974 – Márcio Amoroso, Brazilian footballer
• 1975 – Hernán Crespo, Argentinian footballer
• 1975 – Ai Sugiyama, Japanese tennis player
• 1976 – Nuno Gomes, Portuguese footballer
• 1977 – Royce da 5'9", American rapper and producer (Bad Meets Evil and Slaughterhouse)
• 1977 – Nicolas Kiefer, German tennis player
• 1978 – Britta Oppelt, German rower
• 1978 – Allan Simonsen, Danish race car driver (d. 2013)
• 1979 – Shane Filan, Irish singer-songwriter (Westlife)
• 1979 – Amélie Mauresmo, French tennis player
• 1979 – Stiliyan Petrov, Bulgarian footballer and manager
• 1980 – David Rozehnal, Czech footballer
• 1980 – Eva Green, French actress and model
• 1980 – Jason Wade, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Lifehouse)
• 1981 – Gianne Albertoni, Brazilian model and actress
• 1981 – Ryan Hansen, American actor
• 1982 – Paíto, Mozambican footballer
• 1982 – Tuba Büyüküstün, Turkish actress
• 1982 – Fabrício de Souza, Brazilian footballer
• 1982 – Alexander Dimitrenko, German boxer
• 1982 – Julien Féret, French footballer
• 1982 – Alberto Gilardino, Italian footballer
• 1982 – Philippe Gilbert, Belgian cyclist
• 1982 – Kate Gynther, Australian water polo player
• 1982 – Javier Paredes, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – Szabolcs Perenyi, Romanian-Hungarian footballer
• 1982 – Beno Udrih, Slovenian basketball player
• 1983 – Jonás Gutiérrez, Argentinian footballer
• 1983 – Zheng Jie, Chinese tennis player
• 1983 – Taavi Peetre, Estonian shot putter (d. 2010)
• 1984 – Danay García, Cuban-American actress
• 1984 – Marion Thees, German skeleton racer
• 1984 – Yu Yamada, Japanese model, actress, and singer
• 1985 – Stephanie McIntosh, Australian singer and actress
• 1985 – Lucía Pérez, Spanish singer
• 1985 – Alexandre R. Picard, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Megan Rapinoe, American soccer player
• 1986 – Piermario Morosini, Italian footballer (d. 2012)
• 1986 – Alexander Radulov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Adam Young, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
• 1987 – Andrija Kaluđerović, Serbian footballer
• 1988 – Adriano Buzaid, Brazilian race car driver
• 1988 – Vincent Chepkok, Kenyan runner
• 1988 – Samir Ujkani, Albanian footballer
• 1989 – Georgios Efrem, Cypriot footballer
• 1989 – Dwight King, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989 – Sjinkie Knegt, Dutch speed skater
• 1989 – Dejan Lovren, Croatian footballer
• 1990 – Abeba Aregawi, Ethiopian-Swedish runner
• 1991 – Jason Dolley, American actor
• 1992 – Alberto Moreno, Spanish footballer
• 1993 – Yaroslav Kosov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1996 – Dolly, Scottish sheep (d. 2003)

Deaths[edit]

• 967 – Emperor Murakami of Japan (b. 926)
• 1316 – Ferdinand of Majorca (b. 1278)
• 1375 – Charles III, Count of Alençon (b. 1337)
• 1507 – Crinitus, Florentine scholar (b. 1475)
• 1539 – Anthony Maria Zaccaria, Italian saint (b. 1502)
• 1666 – Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1584)
• 1676 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish commander and politician (b. 1613)
• 1715 – Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat (b. 1659)
• 1719 – Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, German-English general (b. 1641)
• 1773 – Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian and philologist (b. 1719)
• 1819 – William Cornwallis, English admiral and politician (b.1744)
• 1826 – Stamford Raffles, English politician, founded Singapore (b. 1782)
• 1833 – Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor, created the first known photograph (b. 1765)
• 1859 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist and engineer (b. 1777)
• 1862 – Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (b. 1800)
• 1863 – Lewis Armistead, American general (b. 1817)
• 1884 – Victor Massé, French composer (b. 1822)
• 1908 – Jonas Lie, Norwegian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1833)
• 1920 – Max Klinger, German painter and sculptor (b. 1857)
• 1927 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)
• 1932 – Sasha Chorny, Russian poet and author (b. 1880)
• 1935 – Bernard de Pourtalès, Swiss captain and sailor (b. 1870)
• 1937 – Daniel Sawyer, American golfer (b. 1884)
• 1943 – Karin Swanström, Swedish actress, producer and director (b. 1873)
• 1945 – John Curtin, Australian politician, 14th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
• 1948 – Georges Bernanos, French soldier and author (b. 1888)
• 1948 – Carole Landis, American actress and singer (b. 1919)
• 1958 – Luigi Musso, Italian racing driver (b. 1924)
• 1965 – Porfirio Rubirosa, Dominican race car driver, polo player, and diplomat (b. 1909)
• 1966 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
• 1969 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist and educator (b. 1884)
• 1969 – Walter Gropius, German architect, designed the John F. Kennedy Federal Building and Werkbund Exhibition (b. 1883)
• 1969 – Tom Mboya, Kenyan politician, 1st Minister of Justice for Kenya (b. 1930)
• 1969 – Leo McCarey, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1898)
• 1983 – Harry James, American trumpet player and actor (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Howard Nemerov, American poet (b. 1920)
• 1995 – Jüri Järvet, Estonian actor (b. 1919)
• 1998 – Sid Luckman, American football player (b. 1916)
• 2002 – Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Ted Williams, American baseball player and manager (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Hugh Shearer, Jamaican politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Rodger Ward, American race car driver (b. 1921)
• 2005 – James Stockdale, American admiral (b. 1923)
• 2006 – Gert Fredriksson, Swedish canoe racer (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Thirunalloor Karunakaran, Indian poet and scholar (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Kenneth Lay, American businessman (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Régine Crespin, French soprano (b. 1927)
• 2007 – Kerwin Mathews, American actor (b. 1926)
• 2007 – George Melly, English singer-songwriter and critic (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Bob Probert, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1965)
• 2011 – Cy Twombly, American painter (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Gerrit Komrij, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Ruud van Hemert, Dutch actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Rosemary Murphy, German-American actress (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Volodymyr Sabodan, Ukrainian metropolitan (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (b. 1931)