1138 Earthquake in Aleppo, Syria, kills an estimated 230,000 1634 Burchardi flood - "the second Grote Mandrenke" kills about 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany 1737 Earthquake reported to have killed 300,000 and destroyed half of Calcutta in India. Now thought to have been an exaggerated account of a hurricane which claimed 3,000 of the city's estimated 20,000 residents. 1797 Battle of Camperdown (Kamperduin): British navy defeats Dutch fleet 1945 Chinese civil war begins between Kuomintang government led by Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong's Communist Party 1962 Second Vatican Council (21st ecumenical) convened by Pope John XXIII 1986 Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev open talks at a summit in Reykjavik, Iceland | 
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